内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 78173-16-7 | C19H23BrO5 | |
| —— | 83108-47-8 | C13H16O3 | |
| —— | (3aR,5S,8aS)-tert-butyl 5-acetoxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylate | 1622093-78-0 | C16H22O6 |
| —— | 1358991-96-4 | C11H14O3 | |
| —— | (3-methylphenyl)-spiro-isoxazolinyl parthenin | 1186630-19-2 | C23H25NO5 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,8S,9aR,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3-phenylselanyl-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 82206-96-0 | C21H24O3Se |
| —— | (+/-)-1β-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-8aα-hydroxy-4β-methyl-4aα,5,6,7,8,8aα-hexahydroisochroman-3-one | 119183-90-3 | C16H30O4Si |
| —— | <i>cis</i>-octahydro-naphthalene-4a,8a-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 3642-00-0 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 3-Isopropyl-4-(2-methylpropyliden)oxetan-2-on | 342616-76-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 2-methoxy-7-hydroxy-cis-hydrind-5-ene-1-carboxylic acid lactone | 102977-34-4 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-6-methylene-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-89-8 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1174396-63-4 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | 3-((3S,5S)-5-Isopropyl-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-propionaldehyde | 238421-83-5 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | S-(3-ethylpentan-3-yl) 2-[(2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethanethioate | 113280-06-1 | C16H28O3S |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6S,6aS)-4,5,6-Trihydroxy-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 84370-76-3 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | 4-(4,4-Dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexanone | 77620-38-3 | C15H25NO3 |
| —— | 5298-20-4 | C11H18O4 | |
| —— | (+/-)-(3aR*,8bS*)-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 139540-42-4 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | trans-5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121013-30-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (3aS,4aR,7aR,8aR)-2,2,3a-trimethyl-7-methylidene-4a,7a,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1]benzofuran-6-one | 139685-63-5 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (2aS,2a1S,3S,5aS,5bR,7aR)-5a-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)octahydro-1H,3H-cyclobuta[1,4]cyclobuta[1,2,3-cd]benzofuran-1-one | 77670-99-6 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-4-nitromethyl-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 114716-08-4 | C8H11NO5 |
| —— | 6-Cyclopentyl-6-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-but-3-ynyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 612062-66-5 | C20H22O4 |
| —— | dihydro-3-(1-diethoxymethyl-1-trifluoromethyl)ethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 204766-95-0 | C12H19F3O4 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-((E)-2-Cyclohexyl-vinyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 118832-56-7 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | rac-5α-(1-ethoxy-ethoxy)-4β-<1α,β-(1-ethoxy-ethoxy)-3-octyn-1-yl>-3,3aβ,4,5,6,6aβ-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 98926-48-8 | C23H38O6 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-3-octanoyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 662151-97-5 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | (-)-2,3-O-<(S)-Benzyliden>-D-ribonsaeure-γ-lacton | 102850-44-2 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | [(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl] 2-methylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate | 1426843-33-5 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | Octahydro-[4,4']bipyranyl-2,2'-dione | 54119-52-7 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1'S,5S)-5-(5'-trimethylsilyl-1'-hydroxypent-4'-ynyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 866885-75-8 | C12H20O3Si |
| —— | 2bβ,2cβ,4,5,6,6a,7,7aβ-octahydro-6aβ-methyl-2-oxocyclopropa<cd>naphtho<2,3-b>furan-2a(2H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 69841-27-6 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | N-Butyl-D-glucaro-1-amid-6,3-lacton | 6614-47-7 | C10H17NO6 |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100067-00-3 | C11H17ClO2 |
| —— | trans-(1'E)-3,4-Bis(1'-butenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 143954-92-1 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 2β.4aα-Dihydroxy-7-methansulfonyloxy-1β.8-epi-dimethyl-gibban-1α.10β-dicarbonsaeure-1->4a-lacton-10β-methylester | 1253-51-6 | C21H30O8S |
| —— | 182219-61-0 | C8H12O3 | |
| —— | 5,6-endo-endo-bis(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2,3-endoendo-dicarboxylic acid dilactone | 80661-90-1 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | (4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aR,15aR,15bR)-methyl 2-cyano-14-hydroxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,15b-heptamethyl-3-oxo-3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,14,15,15a,15b-icosahydrodinaphtho[1,2-b:2',1'-d]oxepine-8a-carboxylate | 1191265-49-2 | C32H45NO5 |
| —— | cis-5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121013-31-8 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-Decyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 272781-80-3 | C14H26O3 |
| —— | (4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-glyoxylic acid ethyl ester | 90927-51-8 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-methylsulfonyloxy-5-hexadecanolide | 115798-11-3 | C18H34O5S |
| —— | spiro[6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-3,2'-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]ene] | 1072435-17-6 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 1360818-22-9 | C15H24O6 | |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((R,E)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl-7,7,8,8-d4)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 82335-82-8 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 929540-02-3 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-{(1R,4R,7S,8S)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-nitro-3,6-dioxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl}acetate | 1312102-33-2 | C19H21NO8 |
| —— | 3,3-Dideutero-4,6,6-trimethyl-δ-valerolacton | 54004-32-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aR)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 104319-69-9 | C13H23IO3Si |
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