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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one —— C13H18O2
    (1R,6S)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one
    —— (1S,6S,9S,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one —— C12H14O2
    (1S,6S,9S,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one
    —— (1S,6R)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one —— C13H18O2
    (1S,6R)-3-oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-en-2-one
    —— (1S,6R,9S,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one —— C12H14O2
    (1S,6R,9S,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one
    —— (1S,6R,9R,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one —— C12H14O2
    (1S,6R,9R,12S)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,6.06,12]tridec-7-en-11-one
    —— (1S,4S,7S,8R)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,4S,7S,8R)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one
    —— (1S,4R,7S,8R)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one —— C11H10O2
    (1S,4R,7S,8R)-5-oxatricyclo[5.3.2.04,8]dodeca-2,9,11-trien-6-one
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5S,6S)-6-bromo-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1S,5S,6S)-6-bromo-1,8,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C10H13NO4
    (1S,5S)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(1R,5R,8R)-1,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]acetonitrile —— C11H13NO3
    2-[(1R,5R,8R)-1,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]acetonitrile
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5R)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C10H13NO4
    (1R,5R)-8,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5S)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione —— C9H12O3
    (1S,5S)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione —— C9H12O3
    (1S,5R)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione —— C9H12O3
    (1R,5S)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5R)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione —— C9H12O3
    (1R,5R)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R,6S,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1S,2R,6S,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (1S,2R,6R,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9λ6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1S,2R,6R,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9λ6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (1S,2S,6S,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1S,2S,6S,7S)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9lambda6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,2R,5R,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione —— C8H6O3
    (1R,2R,5R,6R)-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-3-ene-7,9-dione
    —— ethyl (1S,2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H12BrClO4
    ethyl (1S,2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H12BrClO4
    ethyl (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (1R,2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H12BrClO4
    ethyl (1R,2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (1R,2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C10H12BrClO4
    ethyl (1R,2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-bromo-3-chloro-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— 6-chlorohexyl (1S,2R,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C16H25ClO4
    6-chlorohexyl (1S,2R,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,2S,4S,5R)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C8H9BrO4
    (1R,2S,4S,5R)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,4S,5R)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C8H9BrO4
    (1R,2R,4S,5R)-4-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(2E,3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1S,4S)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1S,4S)-N-[(2R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H23N3O3
    (1S,4S)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H23N3O3
    (1R,4R)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R,6R,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undeca-8,10-diene-3,5-dione —— C10H8O3
    (1S,2R,6R,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undeca-8,10-diene-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,2R,6R,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undeca-8,10-diene-3,5-dione —— C10H8O3
    (1R,2R,6R,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[5.4.0.02,6]undeca-8,10-diene-3,5-dione
    —— 2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H17O4-
    2-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2S,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2R,5S)-7-oxo-5-propan-2-yl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,3aR,3bR,11aR,11bS)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one —— C23H28O2
    (3R,3aR,3bR,11aR,11bS)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one
    —— (1R,4R)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1R,4R)-N-tert-butyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,1aR,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    (1S,1aR,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (1R,1aR,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    (1R,1aR,3aR,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C12H20O3
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-N,N-di(propan-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C9H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea