内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5,exo-6-bis(carbonylchlorid) | 82313-26-6 | C9H6Cl2O4 |
| —— | (3-benzyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonyl)-thiourea | 861541-81-3 | C14H16N2O3S |
| —— | 1226979-52-7 | C11H18O2 | |
| —— | 4,8,18,22-tetramethyl-1-oxa-9,10,16,17-tetraazacyclotetracosa-8,17-diene-2,11,15-trione | 1338441-87-4 | C23H40N4O4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-iodomethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 344330-15-0 | C5H7IO3 |
| —— | (3aR,9aR,9bR)-6,9a-Dimethyl-4,5,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-1H,3aH-naphtho[1,2-c]furan-3,7-dione | 109873-66-7 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-Hexyl-4-((S)-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-heptyl)-oxetan-2-one | 902135-58-4 | C25H50O3Si |
| —— | 4-Acetyloxan-2-one | 1422656-07-2 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (R)-3-Methyl-4-((S)-1-methyl-prop-2-ynyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 536737-40-3 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Azido-4-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 212776-54-0 | C21H25N3O3Si |
| —— | 108836-70-0 | C14H18O4 | |
| —— | 9-(bromomethyl)-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,9]nonan-8-one | 128730-23-4 | C9H11BrO2 |
| —— | O2,O3,O5-trimethyl-D-gluconic acid-4-lactone | 898283-34-6 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29739-29-5 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 92181-64-1 | C11H18N2NiO4 | |
| —— | (R)-α-N-boc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone | 666706-32-7 | C9H15NO5 |
| —— | bromoacetic acid 2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester | 118534-92-2 | C6H7BrO4 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 3,3-diethyldihydro- | 50994-87-1 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 112607-35-9 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | 1263198-67-9 | C11H15IO3 | |
| —— | o-(N-α-pyrrolidimino)propanoic acid Zn(II) H2O | 120248-58-0 | C7H12N2O3Zn |
| —— | {Pt(trans-(S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane))(ascorbate-C(2),O(5))} | 106160-56-9 | C12H20N2O6Pt |
| —— | (2S,5R)-2-tert-butyl-5-ethyl-5-(2-propenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 115860-94-1 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3,4-dihydroxymethyl-adipinsaeure-aldehyd-(6)-lacton-(1->3) | 90613-22-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (R*,S*)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylmethyl)-6-hexanolide | 139367-46-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 3-Oct-1-ynyl-3-prop-2-ynyloxolan-2-one | 1052691-18-5 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-6-allyl-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1057657-75-6 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 2-Oxa-3-oxo-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo<4.4.0>decen-(5) | 91764-05-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-ethenyl-4-phenylselanyloxolan-2-one | 76339-75-8 | C12H12O2Se |
| —— | 3,3-Dichlor-1-oxaspiro<3.5>nonan-2-on | 29005-76-3 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 'Camphoryloxim' | 35356-90-2 | C10H15NO3 |
| —— | 2c-(2-Oxo-tetrahydro-3-furyl)-1Hr,5Hc-bicyclo<3.3.0>octan | 16556-77-7 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7,7'-dimethyl-3,4,5,7,2',3',4',7'-octahydro-2H-[5,7']bi[furo[3,4-b]pyranyl]-5'-one | 134650-41-2 | C22H34O6Si |
| —— | 1,11-Bis-(2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-4,8-dithia-undecane | 412934-70-4 | C17H28O4S2 |
| —— | 3-benzylidene-5-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 134642-21-0 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | α-Hydroxyimino-γ-pentyl-butyrolacton | 4553-13-3 | C9H15NO3 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-11β-aminohexahydrosantonin | 74493-42-8 | C17H27NO4 |
| —— | (20S)-3β-Dimethylamino-20-hydroxy-5α-pregnansaeure-(18)-lacton | 1244-00-4 | C23H37NO2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure-1,5-lacton | 21483-35-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(1-iodoethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 81357-36-0 | C13H25IO3Si |
| —— | cis-1-Methyl-cyclohexan-diol-(2.5)-carbonsaeure-lacton | 90482-31-8 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 4-(thiophen-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1063681-97-9 | C9H10O2S |
| —— | 2-methyl-4-methylene-glutaric acid-anhydride | 857818-60-1 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-[(R)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141277-23-8 | C22H28O5Si |
| —— | (S)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsillyl)oxy)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone | 157394-81-5 | C21H26O3Si |
| —— | [(S)-1-((S)-4-Isopropylidene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-3-methyl-butyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 127772-93-4 | C17H29NO4 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-4,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-1<i>H</i>-cyclohepta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one | 92904-17-1 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-6-[3-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-1,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-hexyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 95565-10-9 | C23H40O7 |
| —— | (E)-3-((2R,5S,6R,7S)-2-tert-Butyl-9-dimethoxymethyl-7-methoxymethoxy-4-oxo-1,3-dioxa-spiro[4.5]dec-8-en-6-yl)-2-methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester | 198289-59-7 | C22H34O9 |
| —— | α-(trans-4-hydroxy-1,2-benzocyclohepten-3-yl) propionic acid lactone | 88533-97-5 | C14H16O2 |
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