摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,5,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxonin-2-one —— C12H20O2
    4,5,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydro-3H-benzo[b]oxonin-2-one
    —— 3-Butan-2-ylidene-4-[2-methyl-1-(methylideneamino)propylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C13H19NO2
    3-Butan-2-ylidene-4-[2-methyl-1-(methylideneamino)propylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-4-aminooxy-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H9NO6
    (5R)-4-aminooxy-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3R,4R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(5-methyl-7-oxooctyl)oxetan-2-one —— C13H22O4
    (3R,4R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(5-methyl-7-oxooctyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-prop-2-enoxyethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C15H21ClO4
    3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-prop-2-enoxyethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 4-Sulfanylideneoxan-2-one —— C5H6O2S
    4-Sulfanylideneoxan-2-one
    —— 4-(2,3-Dimethylhexyl)-3-heptan-2-yloxetan-2-one —— C18H34O2
    4-(2,3-Dimethylhexyl)-3-heptan-2-yloxetan-2-one
    —— (3,8-Dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.03,10.05,10]dodecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C25H40O4
    (3,8-Dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxatetracyclo[6.3.1.03,10.05,10]dodecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-oxo-5-phenylpentylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H23BO4P2
    (3aR,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-(3-oxo-5-phenylpentylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16BrClO3
    3-(4-Bromo-2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(3-Tert-butyl-3,5,5-trimethylhexan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one —— C17H32O3
    3-(3-Tert-butyl-3,5,5-trimethylhexan-2-yl)oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[12-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-4-yl)-7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C33H42O4
    5-[12-(2,3-Dihydrofuran-4-yl)-7-oxo-2,12-diphenyltridecan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5,9,13,16-Tetraoctyl-11-undecyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.3.31,7]heptadecan-2-one —— C59H112O2
    5,9,13,16-Tetraoctyl-11-undecyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.3.31,7]heptadecan-2-one
    —— (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)oxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C9H12O5
    (5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)oxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (4S)-4-bromo-3-(bromomethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C5H4Br2O2
    (4S)-4-bromo-3-(bromomethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(1-Adamantyl)-4-methyl-2-oxetanone —— C14H20O2
    4-(1-Adamantyl)-4-methyl-2-oxetanone
    —— 4-Butyliminooxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO2
    4-Butyliminooxolan-2-one
    —— 4-dimethylaminomethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione; hydrochloride —— C7H11NO3*ClH
    4-dimethylaminomethyl-dihydro-furan-2,3-dione; hydrochloride
    —— 3-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydrofuran —— C7H11NO3
    3-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydrofuran
    —— Dimethyl 3-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentanedioate;4-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxane-2,6-dione —— C20H34O7
    Dimethyl 3-methyl-3-propan-2-ylpentanedioate;4-methyl-4-propan-2-yloxane-2,6-dione
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl) tribromomethanesulfonate —— C5H3Br3O7S
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl) tribromomethanesulfonate
    —— 3-(5,6-Dimethoxy-3-methylidenehepta-4,6-dien-2-yl)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C16H24O5
    3-(5,6-Dimethoxy-3-methylidenehepta-4,6-dien-2-yl)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O4
    4-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-5-[(2R)-2-triethylsilyloxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C17H34O3Si
    (3R,5R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-5-[(2R)-2-triethylsilyloxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 9-oxo-8-(3-phenyl-propionylamino)-decahydro-cyclopentacyclooctene-1-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-amide —— C25H32N2O6
    9-oxo-8-(3-phenyl-propionylamino)-decahydro-cyclopentacyclooctene-1-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-amide
    —— (3S,4S)-3-butyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C20H38O2
    (3S,4S)-3-butyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(4-methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C72H120O24
    (4,4-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(4-methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R)-4-(bromomethylidene)-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C18H25BrO2
    (5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R)-4-(bromomethylidene)-1,2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a-octahydroinden-1-yl]propyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[1-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H28O5Si
    5-[1-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2,2-dimethoxyethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,6-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    5,6-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a-decahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione —— C5H6O6
    (4S,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3-methyloxepan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    (3S,4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-3-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-propoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H14O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-propoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C11H8F2O3
    5-Fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(Z)-(2,4-dioxo-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea —— C12H16N2O4
    [(Z)-(2,4-dioxo-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-ylidene)methyl]urea
    —— 8-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-5,11-dioxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]trideca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione —— C16H12BrFN2O4
    8-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-5,11-dioxa-2,4-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.03,7]trideca-1,3(7)-diene-6,10-dione
    —— 1-[(3-Chloro-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)-hydroxymethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one —— C9H12ClNO4
    1-[(3-Chloro-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)-hydroxymethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— (2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione —— C24H30O3
    (2R,10R,11S,14S,15S,19S)-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-4-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',7-dione
    —— [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-4-amino-2-methyl-4-oxo-3,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)butanoate —— C30H51NO6Si2
    [(1S,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-4-amino-2-methyl-4-oxo-3,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)butanoate
    —— (5-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C20H34O4
    (5-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— 5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H33BrO3
    5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C21H31BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-ethyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— [(3aR,5R)-2-oxo-4-(3-oxooctylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] formate —— C16H22O5
    [(3aR,5R)-2-oxo-4-(3-oxooctylidene)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl] formate
    —— 2,3,5-Tris(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxooxane-4-carbaldehyde —— C9H14O6
    2,3,5-Tris(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxooxane-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-propan-2-yloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-propan-2-yloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O3
    (3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one 236736-26-8 C10H13F3O2
    3-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— perfluoro(dodecanoic δ-lactone) 204923-39-7 C12F22O2
    perfluoro(dodecanoic δ-lactone)
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-propyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-propyloxan-2-one