摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (4S)-N-benzyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17FO3
    (6R)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H13N3O2S
    (3R)-5,5-dimethyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C9H13N3O2S
    (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-[(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C12H20N2O3
    (1S,4R)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C14H21NO4
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C14H21NO4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C12H20N2O3
    (1R,4S)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (3R,6R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3R,6R)-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,6S)-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3S,6S)-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C8H12O4
    2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (6S)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (6S)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H17BrO3
    (6R)-6-(3-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (1S,4R)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (1R,4S)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione —— C18H21FO3
    (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,5-dione
    —— (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H18O3
    (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-phenyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-methoxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (5R)-5-methoxy-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    (5R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-methylidene-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— [(3aS,5R,6S,6aR,8R,9bS)-6,8-dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-5-yl] acetate —— C17H22O6
    [(3aS,5R,6S,6aR,8R,9bS)-6,8-dihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6a,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-5-yl] acetate
    —— (3R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-8-one —— C6H8O3
    (3R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-8-one
    —— (3R,7S)-7-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one —— C6H8O3
    (3R,7S)-7-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one —— C7H10O3
    (2S,3S)-2-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one
    —— (3S,5R,9R)-7-(3-furyl)-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one —— C15H18O3
    (3S,5R,9R)-7-(3-furyl)-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one
    —— (3R)-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-one —— C5H6O3
    (3R)-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-one
    —— (3S)-7,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one —— C7H10O3
    (3S)-7,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one
    —— (3R)-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one —— C5H6O3
    (3R)-1,4-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-5-one
    —— 7,7-dimethyl-oxocan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    7,7-dimethyl-oxocan-2-one
    —— (R)-3-Methyloxetan-2-one —— C4H6O2
    (R)-3-Methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-4-chlorodifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C5H5ClF2O2
    (S)-4-chlorodifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 1beta,4beta-Epoxy-5beta-hydroxy-10alphaH-xantha-11(13)-en-12,8beta-olide —— C15H22O4
    1beta,4beta-Epoxy-5beta-hydroxy-10alphaH-xantha-11(13)-en-12,8beta-olide
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-oxopropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O5
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-oxopropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S,6R)-3,3,5-trichloro-6-methoxy-7,7-dimethyloxocan-2-one —— C10H15Cl3O3
    (5S,6R)-3,3,5-trichloro-6-methoxy-7,7-dimethyloxocan-2-one
    —— (±)-(S)-5-[(R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H13NO2
    (±)-(S)-5-[(R)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [(1S,2S,3R,4R,7S,8R,11S,14Z,17S)-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-4-yl] acetate —— C22H32O5
    [(1S,2S,3R,4R,7S,8R,11S,14Z,17S)-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-4-yl] acetate
    —— (3R,3aS,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,4,7-trione —— C15H16O4
    (3R,3aS,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,4,7-trione
    —— Sweroside aglucone-1-acetate —— C12H14O5
    Sweroside aglucone-1-acetate
    —— Dryobalanolide acetonide —— C33H50O5
    Dryobalanolide acetonide
    —— Indeno[5,4-d]pyrano[4,3-c]isobenzofuran, 11-acetoxy-1,4,4a,6,8,8a,8b,9,10,11,11a,12,13,13a(3H)-tetradecahydro-3-oxo-6,6,11a-trimethyl- —— C23H32O5
    Indeno[5,4-d]pyrano[4,3-c]isobenzofuran, 11-acetoxy-1,4,4a,6,8,8a,8b,9,10,11,11a,12,13,13a(3H)-tetradecahydro-3-oxo-6,6,11a-trimethyl-
    —— 9-Hydroxy-1,1,8a-trimethyl-2a,3,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,11a,11b,12-dodecahydro-1H,4H-cyclopenta[5',6']naphtho[1',2':3,4]furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one —— C21H30O4
    9-Hydroxy-1,1,8a-trimethyl-2a,3,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,11a,11b,12-dodecahydro-1H,4H-cyclopenta[5',6']naphtho[1',2':3,4]furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one
    —— Pregnan-18-oic acid, 20-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone, (5alpha)- —— C21H32O2
    Pregnan-18-oic acid, 20-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone, (5alpha)-
    —— 3,5-Methanobenzofuran-7a(2H)-carboxylic acid, 6,7,8-trichloro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-, methyl ester —— C11H9Cl3O4
    3,5-Methanobenzofuran-7a(2H)-carboxylic acid, 6,7,8-trichloro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-, methyl ester
    —— 2-Deoxy-6-phosphogluconolactone, tetra(trimethylsilyl)- —— C18H43O8PSi4
    2-Deoxy-6-phosphogluconolactone, tetra(trimethylsilyl)-
    —— Spiro[tetrahydrofuran-2-one-5,4'-cyclohexadienone], 2',6'-diiodo- —— C9H6I2O3
    Spiro[tetrahydrofuran-2-one-5,4'-cyclohexadienone], 2',6'-diiodo-
    —— Pregnan-18-oic acid, 3,11,21-trihydroxy-20-oxo-, gamma-lactone, (3beta,5alpha,11beta)- —— C21H30O5
    Pregnan-18-oic acid, 3,11,21-trihydroxy-20-oxo-, gamma-lactone, (3beta,5alpha,11beta)-
    —— 9-Acetyl-6a,8a-dimethyl-1-oxohexadecahydrocyclopenta[1,2]fluoreno[8a,9-b]oxet-4-yl acetate —— C23H32O5
    9-Acetyl-6a,8a-dimethyl-1-oxohexadecahydrocyclopenta[1,2]fluoreno[8a,9-b]oxet-4-yl acetate
    —— Pregn-4-en-18-oic acid, 11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-, gamma-lactone, (11beta)- —— C21H26O5
    Pregn-4-en-18-oic acid, 11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-, gamma-lactone, (11beta)-
    —— Dihydroneolinderane —— C15H18O4
    Dihydroneolinderane
    —— 4-Oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-one-1-carboxylic acid, 10-methylene-9-phenyl-, methyl ester —— C19H20O4
    4-Oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-one-1-carboxylic acid, 10-methylene-9-phenyl-, methyl ester
    —— 7,8,9,12-tetrahydro-3,11-dimethyl-4,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]oxacycloundecin-6(4H)-one 26379-20-4 C15H18O3
    7,8,9,12-tetrahydro-3,11-dimethyl-4,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]oxacycloundecin-6(4H)-one