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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C9H13NO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H33N2O3+
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (R)-8-hydroxy-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-7-one —— C7H10O3
    (R)-8-hydroxy-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-7-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,5S)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2S
    (3S,5S)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2S
    (3R,5S)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2S
    (3S,5R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H14O2S
    (3R,5R)-3-benzylsulfanyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(2R,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C11H20N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— 2-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    2-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea
    —— (4R)-4-(2-bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H15BrO3
    (4R)-4-(2-bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— [[(4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonyl]amino]thiourea —— C11H17N3O3S
    [[(4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbonyl]amino]thiourea
    —— (3S)-N,N-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C11H19NO3
    (3S)-N,N-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-3-(bromomethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO2
    (3R)-3-(bromomethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O2
    (3S,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4R)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4R)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4aR,8aS)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione —— C22H19NO4
    (4aR,8aS)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione
    —— (4R)-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H11NO3
    (4R)-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [(3R)-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium —— C7H12NO3+
    [(3R)-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— (4aR,8aR)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione —— C22H19NO4
    (4aR,8aR)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione
    —— (4aS,8aR)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione —— C22H19NO4
    (4aS,8aR)-8-ethyl-6,7-diphenyl-4a,8a-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]pyridine-2,4,5-trione
    —— (4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H11NO3
    (4S)-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— [(3S)-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium —— C7H12NO3+
    [(3S)-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]methyl-dimethylazanium
    —— (5S)-6-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione —— C10H10O4
    (5S)-6-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— (5R)-6-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione —— C10H10O4
    (5R)-6-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— [(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] phosphate —— C6H7O9P-2
    [(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] phosphate
    —— (3S)-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H5F3O2
    (3S)-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— trans-2-Trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-γ-lactone —— C6H7F3O2
    trans-2-Trifluoromethyl-4-methyl-γ-lactone
    —— (3S,5S)-5-Methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C6H7F3O2
    (3S,5S)-5-Methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate 21461-84-7 C5H5O4-
    (2S)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O3
    (4S,5R)-5-ethyl-4-methyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3aR,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3aR,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aR,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3aR,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aS,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3aS,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid