内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Streptosonsaeure-lacton | 87864-05-9 | C6H8O6 |
| —— | 4-(2-Chloro-ethylsulfanyl)-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 76128-98-8 | C12H13ClO2S |
| —— | 7-phenyl-3-phenylthiooxepan-2-one | 72350-04-0 | C18H18O2S |
| —— | 3,8-Diisopropyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ5-phospha-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione | 77120-17-3 | C10H17O6P |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-2-undecyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 626201-45-4 | C18H32O6 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-3-[(S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-iodopent-4-enyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1041861-05-5 | C16H29IO4Si |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-exo-fluoro-tetracyclo<6.1.1.02,705,10>deca-3-carboxylic acid lactone | 122016-52-8 | C13H13FO4 |
| —— | 6(R)-(2-(1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a(R)-Octahydro-2(R),6(R)-dimethyl-8(S)-((2(S)-methylbutyryl)oxy)-3(S),4(R)-dihydroxy-1(S)-naphthyl)ethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2H-pyran-2-one | 85614-00-2 | C30H52O7Si |
| —— | 3-Carboxymethyl-3,5-Dihydroxy-14-Phenylpentadecananoic Acid-1,5-Lactone | 105918-25-0 | C23H34O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-{(1R,4R,7S,8S)-7-(4-bromophenyl)-8-nitro-3,6-dioxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl}acetate | 1312102-27-4 | C19H20BrNO7 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 84369-85-7 | C11H17NO2 |
| —— | cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane-3,5-dicarboxylic acid lactone | 79410-25-6 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 1374309-06-4 | C11H13ClO2 | |
| —— | 3-<β-(triethylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone | 130752-85-1 | C12H24O2Si |
| —— | (2α,5β,7α,9α,13β)-2-hydroxy-13-methyltetracyclo<7.5.0.01,5.09,13>tetradecane-7-carboxylic acid lactone | 97674-91-4 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | 2,3,5-Trihydroxy-1,1,2-trimethylcyclopent-3-ylessigsaeure-2-lacton | 91057-90-8 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | Desacetyldehydrodihydroneobritannin | 33627-40-6 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 2-Phenylaethyl-paraconsaeure | 91910-74-6 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | (5β)-1β-(2(Z)-methoxy-1-hexenyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-4-one | 138212-17-6 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 1270045-97-0 | C11H17IO2 | |
| —— | ((2R,3R,4R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 147808-65-9 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 2-Allyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 104413-19-6 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3-[1-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]ethyl]oxolan-2-one | 130752-88-4 | C14H20O2Si |
| —— | Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-amide | 82933-17-3 | C12H19NO3 |
| —— | 5,5-bis-(2-carboxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86015-29-4 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | xestospongiene L | 1263368-21-3 | C14H20Br2O3 |
| —— | 3(R),5(S)-dimethyl-6(S)-(1(R)-methyl-2,2-dimethoxyethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-2(3H)-one | 106237-64-3 | C12H22O4 |
| —— | 19319-10-9 | C20H22O8 | |
| —— | 1037025-61-8 | C12H12N2O2 | |
| —— | andrographolide sulfonate E | 911206-67-2 | C20H30O8S |
| —— | (S)-3-((R)-4-Oxo-6,10-dithia-spiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74447-13-5 | C12H16O3S2 |
| —— | cis-6a-(2-Hexynyl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-one | 130082-71-2 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 2-Methylsulfinyl-2-methyl-γ-butyrolacton | 60774-72-3 | C6H10O3S |
| —— | 4-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethyl-2<i>H</i>-oxazol-5-one | 54729-03-2 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-5-(3-methyl-but-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74133-32-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 9-Oxo-10-oxabicyclo[5.3.0]dec-2-ene | 124938-35-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-[1-(3-phenylpropyl)vinyl]dihydrofuran-2-one | 1106935-14-1 | C17H20O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-oxo-cyclohexylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 4736-26-9 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (2aS,5R,5aS,6S,8aR,8bR)-5-formyl-2a-methyl-2-oxo-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6-yl ester | 143495-15-2 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | (3aα,9β,9aα,9bα)-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-Octahydro-9-hydroxy-6,7-dimethylazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2(3H)-on | 100342-92-5 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (3aS,5R,8bR)-5-Hydroxy-3-[1-hydroxy-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 51800-02-3 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one, 4-hydroxy-6-[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-,(4S,5S,6S)- | 496050-97-6 | C14H26O4Si |
| —— | 6-Nonyl-6-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 80653-48-1 | C20H36O4 |
| —— | (5-carboxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid | 107100-15-2 | C8H10O6 |
| —— | 2-((2S,3R,4R)-2-Ethyl-4-iodo-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-2-phenylselanyl-propionic acid tert-butyl ester | 202401-51-2 | C19H25IO4Se |
| —— | thien-2-yl-spiro-isoxazolinyl parthenin | 1186630-17-0 | C20H21NO5S |
| —— | (S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-undecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 350671-10-2 | C22H44O3Si |
| —— | S-(3-ethylpentan-3-yl) 2-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethanethioate | 113280-07-2 | C16H28O3S |
| —— | ethyl 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3-carboxylate | 1190898-62-4 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | (R)-(-)-3-trimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide | 80656-72-0 | C8H16O3Si |
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