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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-Methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione —— C10H10O4
    6-Methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— (3-Hydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-5,17-dioxo-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-dien-9-yl) acetate —— C23H30O8
    (3-Hydroxy-2,7,7,11,15-pentamethyl-5,17-dioxo-6,12,16-trioxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.013,18]nonadeca-13(18),14-dien-9-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-7-phenyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one —— C13H14O4
    4-Hydroxy-7-phenyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— [2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl] acetate —— C8H12O5
    [2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl] acetate
    —— (4a-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H26O5
    (4a-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)but-2-enyl acetate 23791-00-6 C10H14O4
    1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)but-2-enyl acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4a,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C21H32O5
    4-Hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4a,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(15-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O7P
    3-(15-hydroxyhexadecoxy)-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— (8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl)methyl acetate —— C17H20O5
    (8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethylidene-2-oxo-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6-trimethylspiro[2,4,5,6-tetrahydroindene-7,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C20H26O5
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3,3a,6-trimethylspiro[2,4,5,6-tetrahydroindene-7,3'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— gentiopicral 87042-24-8 C10H10O4
    gentiopicral
    —— 5-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O4
    5-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 3-[2-(5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxo-3,4,4a,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C19H26O3
    3-[2-(5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxo-3,4,4a,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[2-(5-methoxy-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-oxo-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid —— C20H30O6
    5-[2-(5-methoxy-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-oxo-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 2,12-Dihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C20H26O9
    2,12-Dihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 2-(2-Oxo-3,4,6,6a,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl)propan-2-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate —— C19H26O5
    2-(2-Oxo-3,4,6,6a,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl)propan-2-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H32N2O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3-(Furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylic acid —— C20H22O5
    3-(Furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylic acid
    —— 9-Hydroxy-6,10,10,14,15-pentamethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O4
    9-Hydroxy-6,10,10,14,15-pentamethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 2-[8-(Bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-13-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,11.02,5]pentadecan-12-yl]acetic acid —— C19H27BrO4
    2-[8-(Bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-13-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,11.02,5]pentadecan-12-yl]acetic acid
    —— 7-[10-(3-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C28H36O5
    7-[10-(3-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— (2-Hydroxy-1,10-dimethyl-5,14-dimethylidene-6-oxo-7,18-dioxatricyclo[13.2.1.04,8]octadec-10-en-9-yl) acetate —— C22H30O6
    (2-Hydroxy-1,10-dimethyl-5,14-dimethylidene-6-oxo-7,18-dioxatricyclo[13.2.1.04,8]octadec-10-en-9-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-non-1-enyloxan-2-one —— C14H24O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-non-1-enyloxan-2-one
    —— 4'-Hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione —— C17H26O5
    4'-Hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione
    —— 11-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-1-methoxy-10-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradecan-3-one —— C21H32O5
    11-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-1-methoxy-10-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.02,7]tetradecan-3-one
    —— 1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,7,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,6,7,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 9-Ethoxy-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodecan-11-one —— C13H20O3
    9-Ethoxy-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.0(1,6)]dodecan-11-one
    —— 2,7,11-Trimethyl-5,12,13-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.04,8]pentadeca-9,14-dien-6-one —— C15H18O4
    2,7,11-Trimethyl-5,12,13-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.04,8]pentadeca-9,14-dien-6-one
    —— [9-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    [9-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (3,4,7-Trihydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-10-penta-1,3-dienyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-6-yl) acetate —— C17H22O7
    (3,4,7-Trihydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-10-penta-1,3-dienyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-6-yl) acetate
    —— [4-Hydroxy-1,8,12,16,16-pentamethyl-6-oxo-5-(2-oxoethylidene)-7-oxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,17]nonadecan-9-yl] acetate —— C27H40O6
    [4-Hydroxy-1,8,12,16,16-pentamethyl-6-oxo-5-(2-oxoethylidene)-7-oxatetracyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,17]nonadecan-9-yl] acetate
    —— Methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,9]heptadecane-13-carboxylate —— C21H32O6
    Methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-15-oxo-16-oxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,9]heptadecane-13-carboxylate
    —— (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H18O4
    (6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— methyl 8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate —— C11H14O6
    methyl 8-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-4,4a,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one 19325-51-0 C16H22O7
    2-Hydroxy-12-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— 5,9,11-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione —— C20H30O10
    5,9,11-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8-methoxy-7-methylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione
    —— 6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[7,8-b]furan-2,9-dione —— C15H20O4
    6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[7,8-b]furan-2,9-dione
    —— grilactone —— C15H20O2
    grilactone
    —— 3-oxo-3-pentadecoxy-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C24H43O6P
    3-oxo-3-pentadecoxy-5-propyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 2,16-Dimethyl-15-(1-methyl-8-methylidene-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-4-yl)-8-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,16]octadeca-2,4-dien-7-one —— C28H36O5
    2,16-Dimethyl-15-(1-methyl-8-methylidene-7-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-4-yl)-8-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,16]octadeca-2,4-dien-7-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(6-oxo-3-propan-2-ylhept-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O4
    3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(6-oxo-3-propan-2-ylhept-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one —— C10H16O3
    6-Hydroxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-octadec-9-enylideneoxolan-2-one —— C24H42O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-octadec-9-enylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— Acetylportentol —— C19H28O6
    Acetylportentol
    —— 6,6,9a-trimethyl-2,5,5a,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-benzo[d]oxepin-4-one —— C13H22O2
    6,6,9a-trimethyl-2,5,5a,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-benzo[d]oxepin-4-one
    —— 9-[2-(2-methoxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C21H28O5
    9-[2-(2-methoxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5-Methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pentan-4-olid 71126-41-5 C8H12O4
    5-Methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pentan-4-olid
    —— 5'-(Furan-2-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C20H24O6
    5'-(Furan-2-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-10-en-3-one —— C20H26O4
    4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-10-en-3-one