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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 175979-81-4 C13H16O2
    (3S)-3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1286701-15-2 C12H20O2
    5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z,Z)-dodeca-6,9-dieno-4-lactone 153175-57-6 C12H18O2
    (Z,Z)-dodeca-6,9-dieno-4-lactone
    —— 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1286701-16-3 C12H20O2
    5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-[(2E)-2-octen-1-yl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 60551-23-7 C12H20O2
    5-[(2E)-2-octen-1-yl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-10-dodecen-4-olide 1286701-18-5 C12H20O2
    (E)-10-dodecen-4-olide
    —— (E)-7-dodecen-4-olide 1286701-14-1 C12H20O2
    (E)-7-dodecen-4-olide
    —— 6-allyl-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 219779-32-5 C9H14O2
    6-allyl-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-6-(2-propenyl)pyran-2(2H)-one 87086-60-0 C8H12O2
    tetrahydro-6-(2-propenyl)pyran-2(2H)-one
    —— 5-oct-7-enyloxolan-2-one 1286701-19-6 C12H20O2
    5-oct-7-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one 188120-51-6 C7H12O3
    (3R,4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one 56510-32-8 C6H12O2Si
    3-trimethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-((2R,4R,6R)-4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one 1192555-24-0 C16H30O2
    (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-((2R,4R,6R)-4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3-[2-(4-Octylphenyl)ethyl]-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid 1027589-49-6 C21H30O4
    3-[2-(4-Octylphenyl)ethyl]-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-5-hexen-4-olide 144734-85-0 C12H18O4
    cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-5-hexen-4-olide
    —— cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-4-hexanolide 144734-83-8 C13H22O4
    cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-4-hexanolide
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 124732-56-5 C15H18O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-4-octanolide 144734-89-4 C16H28O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-4-octanolide
    —— trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-5-hexen-4-olide 144734-85-0 C12H18O4
    trans-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-5-hexen-4-olide
    —— (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-methoxy-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one 113033-29-7 C10H12O3
    (1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-5-methoxy-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— exo-3-thiabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-6,7-dicarboxylic anhydride 3,3-dioxide 82535-14-6 C8H8O5S
    exo-3-thiabicyclo<3.2.0>heptane-6,7-dicarboxylic anhydride 3,3-dioxide
    —— (3E,3'E)-3,3'-{Propane-1,3-diylbis[oxy(E)methanylylidene]}di(oxolan-2-one) 57899-33-9 C13H16O6
    (3E,3'E)-3,3'-{Propane-1,3-diylbis[oxy(E)methanylylidene]}di(oxolan-2-one)
    —— (-)-(S)-γ-Decalactone 107797-27-3 C10H18O2
    (-)-(S)-γ-Decalactone
    —— (-)-(S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 112607-36-0 C11H11ClO2
    (-)-(S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 75959-49-8 C15H17BrO3
    6-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 4-oxo-5-hexanolide 134936-64-4 C6H8O3
    4-oxo-5-hexanolide
    —— 5-Hydroxyimino-6-methyloxan-2-one 134936-65-5 C6H9NO3
    5-Hydroxyimino-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 6737-14-0 C10H16O2
    4,4-dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (R)-γ-vinyl butyrolactone 1598407-94-3 C6H8O2
    (R)-γ-vinyl butyrolactone
    —— 2-oxo-3-(i-propoxythiocarbonylthio)tetrahydrofuran 226086-88-0 C8H12O3S2
    2-oxo-3-(i-propoxythiocarbonylthio)tetrahydrofuran
    —— dihydro-4-<1-(trimethylsilyl)vinyl>-2(3H)-furanone 155853-59-1 C9H16O2Si
    dihydro-4-<1-(trimethylsilyl)vinyl>-2(3H)-furanone
    —— methyl 5-butoxymethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate 78508-80-2 C11H18O5
    methyl 5-butoxymethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl 5-butoxymethyl-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate 78508-81-3 C11H17ClO5
    methyl 5-butoxymethyl-3-chloro-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (E)-2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidene)butanal 277317-78-9 C10H14O3
    (E)-2,2-Dimethyl-4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylidene)butanal
    —— (E)-3-(3,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-pentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 643754-12-5 C11H16O3
    (E)-3-(3,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-pentylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-hexanolide 486405-18-9 C6H8O4
    3-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-hexanolide
    —— 3-(Methoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 61541-26-2 C6H10O3
    3-(Methoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4,5]decane-1-one 18998-17-9 C15H18O2
    3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4,5]decane-1-one
    —— (1S,2R,4R,5R)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C8H9IO4
    (1S,2R,4R,5R)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S,5R,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselenylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C14H18O2Se
    (4S,5R,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylselenylmethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6,6-Dimethyl-8-oxa-7-vinyltricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undec-4-ene-9-one 119612-21-4 C14H18O2
    6,6-Dimethyl-8-oxa-7-vinyltricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undec-4-ene-9-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3-(prop-2'-ynyl)-4,5-divinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1275581-44-6 C11H12O2
    (3S,4S,5R)-3-(prop-2'-ynyl)-4,5-divinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4,4,5-Trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexanon-(2) 33984-81-5 C8H12O2
    4,4,5-Trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo<3.1.0>hexanon-(2)
    —— 2-oxaspiro[4,4]nonan-1-one 5732-98-9 C8H12O2
    2-oxaspiro[4,4]nonan-1-one
    —— 3-(2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropanoyl)oxan-2-one 1178532-90-5 C8H7F5O3
    3-(2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropanoyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3-chloro-3-trifluoroacetyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 69243-05-6 C6H4ClF3O3
    3-chloro-3-trifluoroacetyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-trichloromethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 72314-31-9 C11H13Cl3O4
    6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-trichloromethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— cis-3-Chlorodihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one 72406-93-0 C10H9ClO2
    cis-3-Chlorodihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Oxabicyclo-<3.2.2>nonan-dion 70260-40-1 C8H10O3
    Oxabicyclo-<3.2.2>nonan-dion
    —— (2S,4S,5R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pentanolide 137963-57-6 C24H32O4Si
    (2S,4S,5R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxymethyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-5-pentanolide