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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-5-[bromo(hydroxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C5H7BrO5
    (3R,4S,5S)-5-[bromo(hydroxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C8H14O4
    6-Ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C22H36O4
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— 4,6-Diethyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    4,6-Diethyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-[2-(3-prop-2-enylphenyl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C16H20O2
    (3R,5S)-3-methyl-5-[2-(3-prop-2-enylphenyl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(2-phenylethoxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
    (3Z)-3-(2-phenylethoxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde;oxolane —— C13H20O5
    5-Methoxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde;oxolane
    —— O-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] methanethioate —— C5H6O3S
    O-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] methanethioate
    —— [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C21H30O7
    [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 3-Non-1-enyl-4-pent-4-ynyloxetan-2-one —— C17H26O2
    3-Non-1-enyl-4-pent-4-ynyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-Imino-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO2
    3-Imino-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione —— C7H10O5
    6-Ethyl-4,5-dihydroxyoxane-2,3-dione
    —— (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H25BO4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,7R,9R,12S,17R)-6,11-dimethylspiro[8,19-dioxahexacyclo[15.2.1.01,6.07,9.07,16.011,15]icosane-12,3'-cyclopentane]-1',3,18-trione —— C24H30O5
    (1R,7R,9R,12S,17R)-6,11-dimethylspiro[8,19-dioxahexacyclo[15.2.1.01,6.07,9.07,16.011,15]icosane-12,3'-cyclopentane]-1',3,18-trione
    —— (3E)-3-[[3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C16H14O4
    (3E)-3-[[3-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methyl]phenyl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-5-phenyl-3-phosphanyloxypent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H26BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3S)-5-phenyl-3-phosphanyloxypent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 10-Tert-butyl-10-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,8]decan-4-one —— C14H22O2
    10-Tert-butyl-10-methyl-5-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,8]decan-4-one
    —— 11'-Ethyl-7'-methylspiro[oxolane-5,6'-pentacyclo[8.5.0.02,7.03,5.013,15]pentadecane]-2-one —— C21H30O2
    11'-Ethyl-7'-methylspiro[oxolane-5,6'-pentacyclo[8.5.0.02,7.03,5.013,15]pentadecane]-2-one
    —— (3S,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (3S,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-tetradecoxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C20H36O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-tetradecoxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C18H27BrO2
    5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (6S)-6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (6S)-6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]-1,3-dioxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C8H8O8
    (4S)-4-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]-1,3-dioxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate —— C14H18O5
    (3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C14H18O11
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-ethoxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-Methyl-5-[1-[methyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H21NO2
    3-Methyl-5-[1-[methyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [3-Oxo-7-(5,5,5-trifluoropentyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C16H21F3O4
    [3-Oxo-7-(5,5,5-trifluoropentyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2S,4S)-4-azido-4-[(2S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]-2-propan-2-ylbutanal —— C14H23N3O3
    (2S,4S)-4-azido-4-[(2S)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]-2-propan-2-ylbutanal
    —— (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[2-[(1R,2R)-9-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutoxy)-2,7-dimethylcyclodeca-3,5-dien-1-yl]ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C25H42O5
    (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-[2-[(1R,2R)-9-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutoxy)-2,7-dimethylcyclodeca-3,5-dien-1-yl]ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 5-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O3
    5-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— Ethane;ethyl formate;oxolan-2-one —— C9H18O4
    Ethane;ethyl formate;oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-undec-10-enylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H24O2
    (3Z)-3-undec-10-enylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (7-Methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C20H34O4
    (7-Methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— [(2,4-Diethylcyclopentyl)-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)methyl] formate;[(2,4-diethylcyclopentyl)-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)methyl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C33H51Cl3O8
    [(2,4-Diethylcyclopentyl)-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)methyl] formate;[(2,4-diethylcyclopentyl)-(2-oxooxan-3-yl)methyl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— 3-(3-Oxooxolan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H10O4
    3-(3-Oxooxolan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-(methoxymethyl)-4-(3-methoxypropylidene)oxetan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (3S)-3-(methoxymethyl)-4-(3-methoxypropylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— [(1R,4S,8R,9R,11R)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    [(1R,4S,8R,9R,11R)-1-hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 11-(6-Oxooxan-2-yl)-oxacycloundecan-2-one —— C15H24O4
    11-(6-Oxooxan-2-yl)-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C36H56O8
    (1,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-3-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(1,8-dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-6-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— [5-[[(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxopentyl]phosphonic acid —— C26H41O8P
    [5-[[(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]oxy]-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxopentyl]phosphonic acid
    —— (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C18H34O2
    (3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H18O7S2
    Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 10',14'-Dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadeca-4,11-diene]-2,7'-dione —— C23H28O3
    10',14'-Dimethylspiro[oxolane-5,15'-pentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadeca-4,11-diene]-2,7'-dione
    —— 6-Bromooxan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
    6-Bromooxan-2-one
    —— Tert-butyl 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C29H50O6
    Tert-butyl 2,2,3-trimethylbutanoate;(5-oxo-2-propan-2-yl-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 4-(2-Fluoroethylimino)oxolan-2-one —— C6H8FNO2
    4-(2-Fluoroethylimino)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C5H6O5
    (5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4-(17-Methyloctadecylidene)oxetan-2-one —— C22H40O2
    4-(17-Methyloctadecylidene)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E)-3-oxo-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;methyl-oxo-(2-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)phosphanium —— C29H37BO6P3+
    (3aR,4R,5R)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E)-3-oxo-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;methyl-oxo-(2-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)phosphanium
    —— 4-[2-(2-Chloro-2,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethylimino]oxolan-2-one —— C9H11ClN2O2S
    4-[2-(2-Chloro-2,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethylimino]oxolan-2-one