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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(3-iodopropyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 404003-36-7 C7H11IO2
    5-(3-iodopropyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 7-heptylcaprolactone 71387-68-3 C13H24O2
    7-heptylcaprolactone
    —— 5-Benzyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one 129706-68-9 C17H20O3
    5-Benzyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one
    —— 4-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 56768-27-5 C11H18O4
    4-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 5-Benzyl-3,12-dioxatricyclo<4.4.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one 129706-76-9 C17H20O3
    5-Benzyl-3,12-dioxatricyclo<4.4.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one
    —— 5-(1-Phenylethyl)-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one 129706-75-8 C18H22O3
    5-(1-Phenylethyl)-3,7-dioxatricyclo<4.3.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>>dodecan-4-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 98357-94-9 C6H10O3
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,5,6,7,8,8-Hexachloro-3-hydroxy-3-(trichloromethyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1(3h)-one 13135-99-4 C10H3Cl9O3
    4,5,6,7,8,8-Hexachloro-3-hydroxy-3-(trichloromethyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2-benzofuran-1(3h)-one
    —— 1,4,6a-Trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)decahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione 15361-14-5 C19H28O4
    1,4,6a-Trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)decahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione
    —— 3-acetyl-5-ethoxymethyl-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 16516-00-0 C11H18O4
    3-acetyl-5-ethoxymethyl-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S,S,S,S)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-heptylolactone 1422373-50-9 C12H21NO7
    (S,S,S,S)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-heptylolactone
    —— (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-5-Triethylsilanyloxy-4-triethylsilanyloxymethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 186794-81-0 C20H40O4Si2
    (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-5-Triethylsilanyloxy-4-triethylsilanyloxymethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S,6S)-6-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1299358-24-9 C13H26O4Si
    (4R,5S,6S)-6-ethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (+)-(R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)oxepan-2-one 1402080-74-3 C12H13BrO2
    (+)-(R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (-)-(1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 173829-70-4 C13H20O4
    (-)-(1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 173829-71-5 C13H20O4
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-6,6,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 169871-02-7 C9H12O4
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (-)-(1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 169871-01-6 C9H12O4
    (-)-(1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 4-(4-pentyn-1-yl)oxetan-2-one 1046161-44-7 C8H10O2
    4-(4-pentyn-1-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-((Z)-hexadeca-9-en-7-ynyl)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one 1333896-68-6 C21H34O3
    (3R,5S)-3-((Z)-hexadeca-9-en-7-ynyl)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (3RS,4RS,5S)-3-[(2S)-6-bromo-2-(methoxymethoxy)-4-hexynyl]-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H,4H,5H)-one 221468-39-9 C15H23BrO6
    (3RS,4RS,5S)-3-[(2S)-6-bromo-2-(methoxymethoxy)-4-hexynyl]-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H,4H,5H)-one
    —— 5(S)-[1-(1(S)-hydroxybut-2-enyl)]-dihydrofuran-2-one 23790-99-0 C8H12O3
    5(S)-[1-(1(S)-hydroxybut-2-enyl)]-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-Isobutyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 1026416-99-8 C10H18O4
    (4S,5R)-5-Isobutyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (6S,7R)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-6-methyloxepan-2-one 1360872-97-4 C32H50O4Si2
    (6S,7R)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-[3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]-6-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyloxecane-2,7-dione 13030-94-9 C10H16O3
    5-Methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-5-Isopropyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 147949-37-9 C9H16O4
    (4R,5S)-5-Isopropyl-4-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 8-Methyloxecane-2,7-dione 16121-05-4 C10H16O3
    8-Methyloxecane-2,7-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-5-ethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 147599-26-6 C12H14O2
    (4R,5S)-5-ethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-Carboxy-3-phenyl-4-methyl-γ-valerolacton 63506-96-7 C13H14O4
    2-Carboxy-3-phenyl-4-methyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-3-isopropyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(5) 7128-62-3 C10H17NO3
    2,2-Dimethyl-3-isopropyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(5)
    —— 2,2-Pentamethylen-3-phenyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuran-5-on 6900-16-9 C16H19NO3
    2,2-Pentamethylen-3-phenyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuran-5-on
    —— α-Carbamoyl-β-phenyl-γ-spirocyclopropyl-butyrolacton 13169-33-0 C13H13NO3
    α-Carbamoyl-β-phenyl-γ-spirocyclopropyl-butyrolacton
    —— 2-Cyano-3-phenyl-4-methyl-γ-valerolacton 21863-84-3 C13H13NO2
    2-Cyano-3-phenyl-4-methyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 21864-05-1 C14H16O4
    5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(5) 6989-68-0 C7H11NO3
    2,2-Dimethyl-4-carbamoyl-tetrahydrofuranon-(5)
    —— 2,2-dibenzyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide 7404-48-0 C24H22O2
    2,2-dibenzyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[2-[(2S,5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one 1139773-84-4 C15H24O4
    (3R,5R)-5-[2-[(2S,5S)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (-)-hemibourgeanic acid β-lactone 62856-67-1 C11H20O2
    (-)-hemibourgeanic acid β-lactone
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6S)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one 1431160-94-9 C19H34O5Si
    (1S,4S,5R,6S)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-(-)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 151982-23-9 C8H12O3
    (1R,4S,5S)-(-)-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— α-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone 1221896-21-4 C10H14O2
    α-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one 113426-31-6 C12H14O3
    3-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
    —— (R)-tert-butyl 3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1426307-25-6 C10H16O4
    (R)-tert-butyl 3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(R)-pentan-2-yl]-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1410935-78-2 C12H22O3
    (3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(R)-pentan-2-yl]-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(1-n-hexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1393720-62-1 C11H18N4O2
    3-(1-n-hexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1393720-59-6 C5H6N4O2
    3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5(S)-hydroxy-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one 72937-71-4 C9H10O3
    5(S)-hydroxy-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one
    —— 7-Isopropenyl-oxepan-2-one 94417-64-8 C9H14O2
    7-Isopropenyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— 8-oxo-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester 37746-07-9 C10H14O4
    8-oxo-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (4R,5R)-4-Isopropylsulfanyl-5-methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 88050-89-9 C8H14O3S
    (4R,5R)-4-Isopropylsulfanyl-5-methoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one