内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1R,2R,6S,7R,11S,13R)-7-[(2S)-2-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-8-one | 133646-98-7 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | 3-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl)-6-trimethylsilanyloxy-3,4-dihydro-pyran-2-one | 134923-85-6 | C16H32O4Si2 |
| —— | (2R,4R)-2,4,7,7,9-pentamethyl-9-nonyl-1,5-dioxecane-6,10-dione | 960322-89-8 | C22H40O4 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-2-oxa-6-aza-6-(2-acetoxyethyl)bicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3,7-dione | 122952-26-5 | C10H13NO5 |
| —— | (1S,5S)-2-oxa-6-aza-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)bicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3,7-dione | 122952-25-4 | C8H11NO4 |
| —— | 3-Oxo-A-(1)-nor-25.26.27-trinor-dammaranolid-(20.24) | 103305-85-7 | C26H40O3 |
| —— | 20-hydroxy-1,2-dioxo-A,25,26,27-tetranor-dammaran-24-oic acid-lactone | 120794-19-6 | C26H38O4 |
| —— | Thioacetic acid S-((2S,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)ester | 202344-90-9 | C14H24O3S |
| —— | 5-exo-Acetoxy-9-exo-brom-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo<4.2.1.0<sup>4.8</sup>>nonan | 61380-98-1 | C10H11BrO4 |
| —— | (4R*,5S*,6R*)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-n-propyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135974-09-3 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | methyl(5αH)-12-oxo-11-oxatricyclo<5.3.2.01.5>dodecane-2β-carboxylate | 96203-87-1 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | ent-10β-hydroxy-3,16-dioxo-17,20-dinorgibberella 7,19-dioicacid lactonemethyl ester | 57784-39-1 | C19H22O6 |
| —— | 1380425-05-7 | C9H14O4 | |
| —— | 4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-3-(2-methyl-1,3-dithian-2-yl)propyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-77-8 | C20H30O3S2Si |
| —— | (3aS,4Z,7S,10S,11aR)-7,10-dihydroxy-10-methyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | 1001435-50-2 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | (3aα,7α,7aα)-7a-Hexylhexahydro-7-(2-propenyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone | 130082-78-9 | C17H28O2 |
| —— | 58832-52-3 | C13H12O5 | |
| —— | [(2S,4R)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-93-0 | C25H32O5Si |
| —— | 56294-17-8 | C9H13N3O3 | |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S,6S)-5,6-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 60386-75-6 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | trans-2-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-pentanolide | 107677-42-9 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-[3-(3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-propyl]-acetamide | 57440-38-7 | C12H21NO3 |
| —— | 6-(2,2-Dimethoxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 92187-04-7 | C12H22O4 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,7R,7aS)-7-Methoxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,5-dione | 121900-76-3 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3aR,5aR,8aR)-Octahydro-pentaleno[6a,1-b]furan-2-one | 41894-88-6 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-butyl-4-(2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one | 1022912-41-9 | C16H22O2 |
| —— | (E)-5-(1-iodo-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260160-51-7 | C14H15IO2 |
| —— | 4-<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>-9-<(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-6-methylene-3aα,4β,5,6,6α,7,8,9α,9aα,9bα-decahydroazuleno<4,5-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 105620-13-1 | C33H44O6Si |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-Icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl)-4-(2-oxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]dioxaphospholan-2-yloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 125757-31-5 | C27H41O7P |
| —— | (3aS,3bS,7aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzen-1-one | 107805-09-4 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,3aR,4aR,4'R,8aR,9S,9aS)-1-methyl-2',3-dioxodecahydro-1H-spiro[naphtho[2,3-c]furan-6,4'-oxazolidine]-9-carbaldehyde | 1579952-85-4 | C16H21NO5 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-5-Phenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one | 61784-19-8 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | Methyl (1α,4α,5α,6β)-(4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-6-yl)acetate | 99902-59-7 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylidene-2-deoxy-D-arabino-1,5-hexonolactone | 1157997-29-9 | C14H26O5Si |
| —— | 5-(perfluor-n-butylmethyl)-pyrrolidon | 54020-17-6 | C9H7F9O2 |
| —— | Hexahydro-olgoferin | 58561-98-1 | C23H32O7 |
| —— | <5-<sup>3</sup>H>Homomevalonolacton | 55095-04-0 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-methyl-6-phenethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1609651-32-2 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-[(S)-iodo(phenyl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1415637-23-8 | C11H11IO2 |
| —— | (S)-3-Methyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-isochromen-1-one | 62232-08-0 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1142951-80-1 | C15H25NO6S | |
| —— | [(Z)-2-(4-Isocyanato-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-3-ylmethylsulfanyl)-vinyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 61485-45-8 | C13H16N2O5S |
| —— | (3S,3aR,6aR)-3-ethoxy-4-methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1233250-71-9 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 7-methyltetrahydrobenzofuran-2,5-dione | 1414917-34-2 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-(-)-7a-benzyl-3a-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,5(3H,4H)-dione | 1236161-76-4 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-Butyl-3-isopropenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 107365-09-3 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 5-Isopropylidene-4-methyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 70912-88-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4,9-Dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,7-trioxa-2λ<sup>4</sup>-thia-spiro[4.4]nonan-6-one | 60609-56-5 | C7H10O5S |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-6-Methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one | 61784-20-1 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,2'S)-4-(1'-methylpyrrolidin-2'-yl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 292857-03-5 | C9H15NO2 |
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