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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide —— C6H7NO3
    (1S,5S)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-dibromooxane-2,6-dione —— C5H4Br2O3
    (3S,5S)-3,5-dibromooxane-2,6-dione
    —— (1R,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide —— C6H7NO3
    (1R,5R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3E,4S,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3E,4S,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,6R,7R)-4-Oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]decan-5-one —— C9H12O2
    (1R,3S,6R,7R)-4-Oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]decan-5-one
    —— (3E,4R,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3E,4R,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3E,4R,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3E,4R,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,6S,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C9H12O2
    (1R,3S,6S,7S)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— (3E,4S,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3E,4S,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C10H16N2O3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— (3aS,6aS)-3-[1-Hydroxy-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H8O3
    (3aS,6aS)-3-[1-Hydroxy-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E,3aR,6aS)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H8O3
    (3E,3aR,6aS)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3E,3aS,6aR)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C8H8O3
    (3E,3aS,6aR)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3Z,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3Z,6R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (3E,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,4S,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S,5S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,4S,5S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4R,5S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,4R,5S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3Z,6S)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4R)-4-ethenyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C7H8O3
    (3Z,4R)-4-ethenyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4R,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,4R,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3E,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (3E,5R)-3-(hydroxymethylidene)-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (1S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one —— C7H10O4
    (1R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C9H11ClO3
    (1R,4R)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (8Z)-4,9,12-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-8-en-13-one —— C15H22O3
    (8Z)-4,9,12-trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-8-en-13-one
    —— (1S,5S,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride —— C8H7ClO3
    (1S,5S,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride
    —— (1S,4S)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl chloride —— C9H11ClO3
    (1S,4S)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3Z,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9NO4
    (3Z,5S)-5-hydroxy-3-hydroxyimino-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride —— C8H7ClO3
    (1R,5R,8R)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene-8-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3aS,4aR,5S,5aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO3
    (3aS,4aR,5S,5aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3aR,4aR,5S,5aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO3
    (3aR,4aR,5S,5aR,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3aR,4aR,5S,5aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride —— C10H11ClO3
    (3aR,4aR,5S,5aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,4a,5,5a,6,6a-octahydrocyclopropa[f][1]benzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3S)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H5F3O3
    (3S)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(azidomethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H7N3O2
    (Z)-3-(azidomethylene)-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one —— C6H5F3O3
    (3R)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H20FNO3
    (1S,4S)-N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (1S,4S)-N-ethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1S,4S)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (2E)-2-[1-(2-oxo-5-{[2-(propan-2-yloxy)ethoxy]methyl}tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide (non-preferred name) —— C14H25N3O4S
    (2E)-2-[1-(2-oxo-5-{[2-(propan-2-yloxy)ethoxy]methyl}tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide (non-preferred name)
    —— methyl (6E,8E)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate —— C21H24O5
    methyl (6E,8E)-3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate
    —— (1S,6R)-6-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (1S,6R)-6-propan-2-yl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (4R)-3,3,4-trimethyloxepane-2,7-dione —— C9H14O3
    (4R)-3,3,4-trimethyloxepane-2,7-dione
    —— (1R,6R)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one —— C8H8O2
    (1R,6R)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one
    —— (1S,6S)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one —— C8H8O2
    (1S,6S)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dien-8-one
    —— (3R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3
    (3R)-3-(2-methylpropyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'R,6S,6'R,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione —— C17H26O5
    (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'R,6S,6'R,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'R,6S,6'S,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione —— C17H26O5
    (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'R,6S,6'S,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione
    —— (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'S,6S,6'S,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione —— C17H26O5
    (1R,3'R,4R,4'R,5'S,6S,6'S,7R,8S)-4'-hydroxy-3',4,5',6,6',7-hexamethylspiro[2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-8,2'-oxane]-3,5-dione