内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-Methoxy-cyclohexan-diessigsaeure-(1,1)-anhydrid | 91352-86-2 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | trans-5-allyl-4-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-24-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (2S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-3-one | 126045-22-5 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 5-Oxa-dispiro[2.0.4.5]tridecan-6-one | 72331-85-2 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (-)-(S)-4-pentyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 123975-91-7 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 8-methyl-3,5,11-trioxo-oleandolide | 111734-79-3 | C20H30O6 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 136085-25-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-6-((E)-benzylidene)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-93-4 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | (-)-(R)-γ-(2-furyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1429482-66-5 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α-methyl-1β-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-4-ene-2α-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77044-50-9 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-phenyl-5-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuranon-(2) | 31005-33-1 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 3(R<sup>*</sup>)-hydroxy-4(S<sup>*</sup>)-methyl-5(R<sup>*</sup>)-isopropyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 106470-99-9 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | trichloro-6,6,6 hexanolide-4 | 98325-68-9 | C6H7Cl3O2 |
| —— | tetrahydro-3,3-bis(3-iodopropyl)-2(2H)-pyranone | 163012-23-5 | C11H18I2O2 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-(iodomethyl)-4-methyl-, (4R,5S)-rel- | 65371-40-6 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 80758-90-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 4-allyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>-6-octen-3-one | 143790-18-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 5,9-Dimethyl-hexahydro-1,7-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]azulene-2,4,8-trione | 106478-52-8 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | (<i>S</i>)-2-((3a<i>R</i>,7a<i>S</i>)-1ξ,7<i>t</i>-dihydroxy-3a,3b-dimethyl-3-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>)-hexahydro-benzo[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2-<i>c</i>]furan-6<i>c</i>-yl)-propionic acid | 110030-84-7 | C14H20O6 |
| —— | 5-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 318472-49-0 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aR,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 110188-57-3 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | 5-iodomethyl-3-tetradecanylidenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 84938-62-5 | C19H33IO2 |
| —— | 6,9-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.03.9]nonane | 21321-57-3 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (4aR,6R,8S,8aR)-6,8-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroisochromen-3-one | 546125-82-0 | C21H42O4Si2 |
| —— | (S)-5-(chloromethyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1217263-86-9 | C11H11ClO2 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R,8S)-8-bromo-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 65825-61-8 | C7H7BrO3 |
| —— | 3-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-hexyl-2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-5-on | 93807-60-4 | C14H24O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2-cyano-4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 1529773-09-8 | C9H9NO4 |
| —— | 3-(Methyl-diphenyl-silanyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 77772-26-0 | C18H20O2Si |
| —— | 5-(1,1-Difluoro-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 205311-95-1 | C6H8F2O3 |
| —— | tannunolide A | 110209-99-9 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | C6-Epi-desoxo-dihydro-allo-isotenulin | 111531-08-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | trans-5-ethoxymethyl-3-phenylselenotetrahydrofuran-2-one | 112233-26-8 | C13H16O3Se |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 105640-04-8 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4S,5S,6S,6aR)-6-bromo-4-methoxymethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 56460-53-8 | C11H15BrO5 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3-(1-propenyl)-, (Z)- | 90292-23-2 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 1228699-46-4 | C17H22O6 | |
| —— | methyl 5-(iodomethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 141869-02-5 | C7H9IO4 |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-5-(1-iodo-2-trimethylsilanyl-ethyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87441-58-5 | C12H23IO2Si |
| —— | (1S*,3aR*,8aS*)-hexahydro-8a-hydroxy-3H-1,3a-ethano-1H-cyclohepta<c>furan-3-one | 124439-14-1 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7aα-octahydro-4β-hydroxy-6α-methoxycarbonyl-6β-methyl-3α-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-1-benzofuran-2-one | 81470-30-6 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | 5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-<1>naphthoesaeure-1->8-lacton | 91970-89-7 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)heptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321200-07-0 | C18H36O4Si |
| —— | (3S)-3-ethyl-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-methoxyoxolan-2-one | 111154-16-6 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | 1438388-50-1 | C12H21O6S*Na | |
| —— | (2R)-2,3-dideoxy-2-ethyl-2-(2-propenyl)-D-glyceropentanoic acid γ-lactone | 81075-90-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 1-benzyl-4,4-dimethyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,8-dione | 133472-35-2 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-[(3aS,4S,6S,6aS)-2-oxo-6-phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl]acetate | 117109-89-4 | C16H18O4Se |
| —— | Ethyl 5-hydroxy-1-oxo-7-phenyl-1,3,4,7-tetrahydrobenzo[c]furan-6-carboxylate | 103122-13-0 | C17H16O5 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid (S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester | 134665-19-3 | C10H16O4 |
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