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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H22O2
    (3E)-3-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C10H14O5
    ethyl (2R,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S,6S)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (3S,5S,6S)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R,6S)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (3S,5R,6S)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (3S,5R,6R)-3,6-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— lactone of 1,1-dioxo-3-hydroxythiolan-4-ylacetic acid 17236-01-0 C6H8O4S
    lactone of 1,1-dioxo-3-hydroxythiolan-4-ylacetic acid
    —— (6R,9aR)-6-methyl-1,5,6,7,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[c]furan-3,8-dione —— C11H14O3
    (6R,9aR)-6-methyl-1,5,6,7,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[c]furan-3,8-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO3
    (4R,5S)-4-bromo-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-prop-2-ynyloxolan-2-one —— C9H10O3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-prop-2-ynyloxolan-2-one
    —— Majorenolide —— C17H28O3
    Majorenolide
    —— (-)-(2Z,3R,4S)-2-(dodec-11-ynylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide 1196997-40-6 C17H26O3
    (-)-(2Z,3R,4S)-2-(dodec-11-ynylidene)-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanolide
    —— (2S,3R)-4-Methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide —— C21H29NO3
    (2S,3R)-4-Methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide
    —— 2-[[(2S,3R)-4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl]amino]ethyl N-allylcarbamate —— C20H32N2O5
    2-[[(2S,3R)-4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl]amino]ethyl N-allylcarbamate
    —— (5Z,9Z)-5,9-dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-5,9-dien-2-one —— C12H18O2
    (5Z,9Z)-5,9-dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-5,9-dien-2-one
    —— 3-(2-tert-Butoxyethylidene)-5-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C19H34O4Si
    3-(2-tert-Butoxyethylidene)-5-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 1a,5,9-Trimethyl-13-methylene-12-oxo-1a,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,10a,12,13,13a,14,14a-tetradecahydrooxireno[2',3':4,5]cyclotetradeca[1,2-b]furan-10-yl acetate —— C22H32O5
    1a,5,9-Trimethyl-13-methylene-12-oxo-1a,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,10a,12,13,13a,14,14a-tetradecahydrooxireno[2',3':4,5]cyclotetradeca[1,2-b]furan-10-yl acetate
    —— 4,6-Epoxy-6-epideacetyllaurenobiolide —— C14H18O4
    4,6-Epoxy-6-epideacetyllaurenobiolide
    —— [(1E,3R,4R,6R,7Z,9Z,11E)-3,6,13-trihydroxy-3-methyl-1-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)trideca-1,7,9,11-tetraen-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate —— C19H29O9P
    [(1E,3R,4R,6R,7Z,9Z,11E)-3,6,13-trihydroxy-3-methyl-1-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)trideca-1,7,9,11-tetraen-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
    —— Cyclohexyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H24O4
    Cyclohexyl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O2
    (3R,5R)-5-butyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R,4S)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H12O5
    ethyl (2R,4S)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2S,4R)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H12O5
    ethyl (2S,4R)-4-acetyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— N-cycloheptyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H27NO3
    N-cycloheptyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C22H24N2O3
    N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,6R,8R)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one —— C11H16O3
    (1R,6R,8R)-2,2,6-trimethylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-8,2'-oxirane]-4-one
    —— 2-Hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one —— C23H36N2O7
    2-Hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;5-isocyanato-1-(isocyanatomethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;oxepan-2-one
    —— Malonic dilactone, alpha-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-cis-1(me),3(h),4(h)-cis-3(h)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-p-menthyl —— C19H31NO4
    Malonic dilactone, alpha-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-cis-1(me),3(h),4(h)-cis-3(h)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-p-menthyl
    —— Malonic dilactone, alpha-[2-(morpholino)ethyl]-cis-1(me),3(h),4(h)-cis-3(h)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-p-menthyl —— C19H29NO5
    Malonic dilactone, alpha-[2-(morpholino)ethyl]-cis-1(me),3(h),4(h)-cis-3(h)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-p-menthyl
    —— Cyclohexanemalonic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-alpha-[1-(dimethylamino)prop-2-yl]-gamma,delta-dilactone —— C18H29NO4
    Cyclohexanemalonic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-alpha-[1-(dimethylamino)prop-2-yl]-gamma,delta-dilactone
    —— Cyclohexanemalonic acid, 4,4-dimethyl-alpha-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-,gamma,delta-dilactone —— C13H18O4
    Cyclohexanemalonic acid, 4,4-dimethyl-alpha-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-,gamma,delta-dilactone
    —— Mevalonolactone, diTMS —— C12H26O4Si2
    Mevalonolactone, diTMS
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    ethyl (2R,3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxetan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (4S)-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C13H14O4
    ethyl (3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-Deoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C11H24O4Si2
    2-Deoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 6-Deoxygalactonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    6-Deoxygalactonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— Threonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C10H22O4Si2
    Threonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— (3S,5R)-3-trimethylsilyloxy-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H34O5Si3
    (3S,5R)-3-trimethylsilyloxy-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Deoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C11H24O4Si2
    2-Deoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— (3R,4R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 32384-52-4 C10H22O4Si2
    (3R,4R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2,6-Dideoxy-ribo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C12H26O4Si2
    2,6-Dideoxy-ribo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3,5-Dideoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C8H16O3Si
    3,5-Dideoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3-Deoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C11H24O4Si2
    3-Deoxy-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— (3S,5S)-3-Trimethylsilanyloxy-3,5-bis-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 34641-57-1 C15H34O5Si3
    (3S,5S)-3-Trimethylsilanyloxy-3,5-bis-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-Deoxy-xylo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    3-Deoxy-xylo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H32O5Si3
    (3R,4R,5S)-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 6-Deoxymannonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    6-Deoxymannonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3-Deoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C11H24O4Si2
    3-Deoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS