内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid | 1089919-71-0 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 1ξ-<2-Ethoxy-vinyl>-2β-carboxy-2α-allyl-4bβ-methyl-7-ethylendioxy-1.2.3.4.4aα.4b.5.6.7.8.10.10aβ-dodecahydro-phenanthren-1.4β-diol-1-->4β-lacton | 118686-00-3 | C25H34O6 |
| —— | 5-(3-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 73837-16-8 | C23H34O3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(furan-2-yl)dihydro-3-hydroxyfuran-2(3H)-one | 1383977-09-0 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | schinchinenin C | 1422520-81-7 | C30H40O6 |
| —— | (4aα,8aα)-4a-(acetoxymethyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 128956-97-8 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 6-O-Acetyl-5:9-anhydro-dihydroharpagenon | 19141-03-8 | C11H14O5 |
| —— | (1S,5R,8R)-8-Allyl-1-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 145387-75-3 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | γ,δ-Dimethyl-γ-<2-carboxyethyl>-valerolacton | 1468-44-6 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 3-(4-oxo-cyclohexylmethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 4736-28-1 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3S,4R,E)-5-ethylidene-4-methyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate | 1196867-40-9 | C13H21NO4 |
| —— | 2-(3-Chlorotetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium Chloride | 90626-09-8 | C10H15ClN2O2*ClH |
| —— | 74854-40-3 | C13H18O4 | |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenyl-valeriansaeure-lacton | 105640-08-2 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | [(3aS,4aR,7S,7aR,8aR)-2,2,3a-trimethyl-6-oxo-4,4a,7,7a,8,8a-hexahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1]benzofuran-7-yl]methyl acetate | 162084-98-2 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,7-dione | 854823-71-5 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | N-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetamide | 131309-17-6 | C10H17NO4 |
| —— | (2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone | 103712-23-8 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] cyclopropanecarboxylate | 79902-51-5 | C23H32O5 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-{[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]difluoromethyl}phosphonothioic acid O,O-diethyl ester | 496048-30-7 | C26H35F2O5PSSi |
| —— | 3β-acetoxy-2'-cyclohexyl-4'ξ-hydroxymethyl-(5α,16β,17β)-tetrahydro-androstano[16,17-e][1,2]oxazine-3'ξ-carboxylic acid lactone | 72166-17-7 | C31H47NO5 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,7aR)-4-Bromomethyl-3-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 104461-45-2 | C11H13BrO4 |
| —— | 1-bromo-4,5'-dimethoxy-4'-propan-2-ylsulfanylspiro[3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6,3'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione | 106874-90-2 | C13H17BrO6S |
| —— | 1399009-74-5 | C10H8Br2O4 | |
| —— | 3-(3-oxo-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-78-2 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R)-9-Methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[4.3.1]dec-8-ene-3,7-dione | 139620-45-4 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methyl-7-phenyloxepin-2-one | 72366-41-7 | C13H13BrO2 |
| —— | trans-α-Ethyl-paraconsaeure-ethylester | 100145-27-5 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-β-Methylterbic acid | 42217-82-3 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 1346154-62-8 | C22H25FO5 | |
| —— | 2-Methylmevalolactone | 30410-88-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 51145-96-1 | C7H9F3O3 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3-methyl-4-trifluoroacetoxymethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-78-8 | C10H7F9O4 |
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-trimethyl-D-<i>arabino</i>-2-deoxy-hexonic acid-lactone | 51224-22-7 | C9H16O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-Ipomic lacton | 100053-25-6 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (1'S,3S,4R,5S)-3-azido-4-benzyloxy-5-[2'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1'-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethoxy]ethyl]-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 344615-51-6 | C42H63N3O7Si3 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 31005-27-3 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 10125-33-4 | C13H13BrO7 | |
| —— | 2-chloro-2-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 854657-92-4 | C7H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | 6,6-Pentamethylen-tetrahydropyrandion-(2,4)-semicarbazon-(4) | 1658-19-1 | C11H17N3O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,7aR)-6-Hexyl-4-hydroxy-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 86654-41-3 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-5-chloro-dihydro-furan-2-one | 98140-09-1 | C6H9ClO2 |
| —— | 5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 6747-53-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (1S<sup>*</sup>,4aS<sup>*</sup>,8aS<sup>*</sup>)-6-methyl-6,7-dihydroxyperhydro-4a,1-naphthalenecarbolactone | 81319-71-3 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-bromomethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-73-3 | C7H5BrF6O2 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 90108-61-5 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 15β16β-dimethylene-6,6-ethylene-11β-fluoro-3-oxo-17α-pregna-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone | 1227927-07-2 | C26H31FO3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-trimethylsilanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 75388-09-9 | C9H18O2Si |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-Bromo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 127658-14-4 | C14H17BrO4 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 103262-99-3 | C10H16O2 |
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