内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbaldehyde | 1097729-60-6 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-cyclohexyl-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one | 1092798-49-6 | C16H20O2 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-γ-valerolactone | 70973-48-7 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3E,7E)-(1R,10R,11S)-12-Isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-diene-2,15-dione | 900803-41-0 | C20H26O3 |
| —— | 2,2,4,5,5-Pentachlorpenten-(4)-olid-(3,1) | 36038-46-7 | C5HCl5O2 |
| —— | 5-methyl-3-methylene-5-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 71741-44-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 2-<1-hydroxy-1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl>butanolide | 78344-43-1 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (E,Z)-3-(2-aminoethoxyimino)-6-oxa-7a-homoandrostane-17-one hydrochloride | 960529-33-3 | C21H34N2O3*ClH |
| —— | 2,3-seco-2-nor-11α-Hydroxy-20-oxo-5α-pregnan-1,3-disaeure-3-methylester-1,11-lacton | 2481-35-8 | C21H30O5 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-6-Methyl-2-oxo-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-3a-carbonyl chloride | 67927-62-2 | C10H11ClO3 |
| —— | (S)-6-butyl-6-(iodomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1370729-73-9 | C10H17IO2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R,6R,7R)-5-methyl-8,10-dioxa-3,4-diazatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]dec-3-en-9-one | 126108-33-6 | C7H8N2O3 |
| —— | 3,8-Diisopropyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5λ5-phospha-spiro[4.4]nonane-2,7-dione; compound with triethyl-amine | 93775-86-1 | C6H15N*C10H17O6P |
| —— | 2,5-cis-5-(Iodomethyl)-2-methyltetradecan-5-olide | 76917-14-1 | C16H29IO2 |
| —— | (-)-(4aR,5R,7R,7aR)-5-chloro-7-hydroxy-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one | 1044519-22-3 | C8H11ClO3 |
| —— | (R)-3-methylene-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1384156-00-6 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | 5-exo-methoxyhexahydro-3,6-methano-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 81523-45-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6S)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1209462-52-1 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 1,11-Bis-(5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-4,8-dithia-undecane | 412934-69-1 | C17H28O4S2 |
| —— | 144085-90-5 | C35H46O7SSi | |
| —— | 1132754-15-4 | C14H22O4 | |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R,7S,8S,10S,11S,13R)-7-(benzyliminomethyl)-8-bromo-7-hydroxy-11,15,18,18-tetramethyl-10,13-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadec-14-ene-3,12,16-trione | 194720-25-7 | C40H60BrNO8Si2 |
| —— | 5,11-Diiodo-1,7-dioxa-cyclododecane-2,8-dione | 129352-65-4 | C10H14I2O4 |
| —— | (2aR,5aR,8aS,8bR)-8b-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-octahydro-5-oxa-cyclobuta[e]azulene-1,4-dione | 78001-82-8 | C20H34O4Si |
| —— | (+)-(1'S)-(1α,2β,3β,4α,6α)-6-azido-1-O-(-)-camphanoyl-2-O,3-N-carbonyl-4-O-methyl-3-(methylamino)-1,2,4-cyclohexanetriol | 121811-68-5 | C19H26N4O7 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-Azidomethyl-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 173193-21-0 | C5H7N3O3 |
| —— | 3-(2,2-bis(methylsulfanyl)vinyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 247590-37-0 | C9H14O2S2 |
| —— | (3S)-3-ethyl-3-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 102631-79-8 | C10H15NO4 |
| —— | Homoterpenylsaeure-chlorid | 98959-30-9 | C9H13ClO3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((E)-3-oxo-5-phenylpent-1-en-1-yl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1240483-13-9 | C24H34O4Si |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 3494-95-9 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108106-37-2 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-(1-methyl-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-ethylen)-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-2-lacton | 953-55-9 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | [2,2,6,6,6-(2)H5]mevalonolactone | 1313206-81-3 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 3α,18,-dihydroxy-5α-androstane-17β-carboxylic acid lactone | 86698-80-8 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | 7-deoxy-7β-hydroxypseudoanisatin | 132839-32-8 | C15H24O6 |
| —— | 6-phenyl-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259056-94-4 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | trans-α-Isopropyl-paraconsaeure | 98558-95-3 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 2-Carboxy-2-ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-4-pentanolacton | 23461-66-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (+)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 942493-80-3 | C9H8O2S |
| —— | (1S,8S)-9-Oxa-tricyclo[6.4.2.0<sup>1,8</sup>]tetradecan-10-one | 68157-83-5 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | bis[(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] propane-1,3-disulfonate | 1266341-78-9 | C15H24O10S2 |
| —— | 16S-acetoxy-19,25-epoxy-8,14-seco-luffola-13Z,17(25),18-trien-24,8α-olide | 1191042-99-5 | C27H38O5 |
| —— | 8-<1-Adamantyl>-4-hydroxy-octan-1-saeure-lacton | 14449-63-9 | C18H28O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((S,E)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)oct-1-en-1-yl-7,7,8,8-d4)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 82290-50-4 | C27H52O4Si2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-L-glucono-1,4-lactone | 78138-24-6 | C6H9BrO4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-2-propyl-2-methyl-butyrolacton | 31005-31-9 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 3-(bromomethyl)-1,4-dioxonan-5-one | 1401441-59-5 | C8H13BrO3 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29739-27-3 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one | 57501-72-1 | C7H12O5 |
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