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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-methoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 1403357-78-7 C16H22O3
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-9-methoxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-3-(azidomethyl)-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 1403357-79-8 C15H21N3O3
    (3R,3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-3-(azidomethyl)-9-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aR)-6-ethenyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1423333-02-1 C13H18O3
    (3aR,7S,8aR)-6-ethenyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aR)-6-ethenyl-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1423361-30-1 C12H16O2
    (3aR,7S,8aR)-6-ethenyl-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(2-methylpent-3-yn-2-yl)oxetan-2-one 1397290-01-5 C9H12O2
    (4S)-4-(2-methylpent-3-yn-2-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 1-[1-(S)-camphanyl]-2,3:4,5-di-O-cyclohexylidene-6-O-methoxymethyl-myo-inositol 1412439-52-1 C30H44O10
    1-[1-(S)-camphanyl]-2,3:4,5-di-O-cyclohexylidene-6-O-methoxymethyl-myo-inositol
    —— 3-[1-(S)-camphanyl]-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-4-O-methoxymethyl-myo-inositol 1412439-53-2 C30H44O10
    3-[1-(S)-camphanyl]-1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene-4-O-methoxymethyl-myo-inositol
    —— (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((E)-5-(trimethylsilyl)-pent-2-en-4-yn-2-yl)-oxetan-2-one 1352246-92-4 C12H18O2Si
    (3S,4S)-3-methyl-4-((E)-5-(trimethylsilyl)-pent-2-en-4-yn-2-yl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl (1S,5S,7R,9R)-7-methyl-3,6'-dioxospiro[2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,5'-azonane]-1'-carboxylate 1401095-74-6 C21H33NO5
    tert-butyl (1S,5S,7R,9R)-7-methyl-3,6'-dioxospiro[2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,5'-azonane]-1'-carboxylate
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-((R)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392821-01-0 C12H18O5
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-((R)-2-hydroxy-4-oxopentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1R,5R,7S)-7-((S)-2-((triethylsilyl)oxy)pent-4-en-1yl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392820-94-8 C18H32O4Si
    (1R,5R,7S)-7-((S)-2-((triethylsilyl)oxy)pent-4-en-1yl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1R,5R,7S)-7-((R)-4-oxo-2-((triethylsilyl)oxy)pentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392820-96-0 C18H32O5Si
    (1R,5R,7S)-7-((R)-4-oxo-2-((triethylsilyl)oxy)pentyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (3aR,6R,6aR)-6-hydroxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-one 1425494-95-6 C6H8O3S
    (3aR,6R,6aR)-6-hydroxy-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3H-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3-methyl-4-(nitromethyl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 1452900-13-8 C9H13NO4
    (3R,4S,5S)-3-methyl-4-(nitromethyl)-5-(prop-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1416253-59-2 C9H16O4
    (R)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-2-(3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetic acid 73811-60-6 C9H14O5
    (R)-2-(3-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetic acid
    —— (S)-3-hydroxy-3-((R,E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1416253-56-9 C8H12O4
    (S)-3-hydroxy-3-((R,E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S,Z)-α-(1-chloropentylidene)-β-isopropyl-β-lactone 1415755-05-3 C11H17ClO2
    (S,Z)-α-(1-chloropentylidene)-β-isopropyl-β-lactone
    —— (2S,3S,2'S)-3-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-3'-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,2'H-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione 1426678-59-2 C12H14O6
    (2S,3S,2'S)-3-([1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-3'-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,2'H-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione
    —— (1S,3R,6S,9S)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one 1415014-12-8 C11H14O3
    (1S,3R,6S,9S)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl]-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,9]nonan-4-one
    —— (3aS,5R,6aS)-5-methylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1384122-53-5 C8H12O2
    (3aS,5R,6aS)-5-methylhexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-ethoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one 1421859-93-9 C7H12O3
    5-ethoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1448243-38-6 C7H10O4
    (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-dione 1420965-09-8 C17H30O4Si
    4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-dione
    —— 12-Methyl-1,4,10-trioxadispiro[4.2.58.25]pentadecan-11-one 1420965-07-6 C13H20O4
    12-Methyl-1,4,10-trioxadispiro[4.2.58.25]pentadecan-11-one
    —— 4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-10-ene-3,9-dione 1420965-10-1 C17H28O4Si
    4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-10-ene-3,9-dione
    —— (3S*, 4S*)-3-allyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one 73553-32-9 C7H10O2
    (3S*, 4S*)-3-allyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-(4-heptenyl)tetrahydro-, (Z)- 18679-14-6 C12H20O2
    2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-(4-heptenyl)tetrahydro-, (Z)-
    —— 9-Dodecen-5-olide, (9E)- 15456-68-5 C12H20O2
    9-Dodecen-5-olide, (9E)-
    —— 3-Hydroxysimvastatin 1402570-54-0 C25H38O6
    3-Hydroxysimvastatin
    —— (4R,5R,6S)-5-bromo-4,6-diphenyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1448603-02-8 C17H15BrO2
    (4R,5R,6S)-5-bromo-4,6-diphenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(1S,2S)-2-[(2S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)but-3-enyl]cyclopropyl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide 1431768-44-3 C20H32N2O4
    (2R,3S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(1S,2S)-2-[(2S)-2-(2,2-dimethylpropanoylamino)but-3-enyl]cyclopropyl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R,3S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(1S,2S)-2-[(2S)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)but-3-enyl]cyclopropyl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide 1431768-43-2 C19H30N2O4
    (2R,3S)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(1S,2S)-2-[(2S)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)but-3-enyl]cyclopropyl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide
    —— (-)-(3R,3aS,9aR)-tert-butyl 2,5-dioxodecahydrocycloocta[b]furan-3-carboxylate 1427029-70-6 C15H22O5
    (-)-(3R,3aS,9aR)-tert-butyl 2,5-dioxodecahydrocycloocta[b]furan-3-carboxylate
    —— (+)-(3aR,9aS)-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2,5(3H,6H)-dione 1427029-93-3 C10H14O3
    (+)-(3aR,9aS)-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2,5(3H,6H)-dione
    —— (4S,6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 1429412-39-4 C25H34O4Si
    (4S,6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one 1429412-40-7 C26H36O4Si
    (4S,6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one
    —— (-)-(3aS,8aR)-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,5(3H)-dione 1427029-94-4 C9H12O3
    (-)-(3aS,8aR)-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,5(3H)-dione
    —— (6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]oxane-2,4-dione 1429412-37-2 C25H32O4Si
    (6S)-6-[1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 1,1'-((1S,5R)-5-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,3-diyl)diethanone 1491156-29-6 C11H14O4
    1,1'-((1S,5R)-5-Methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,3-diyl)diethanone
    —— (2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetaldehyde 1429921-91-4 C7H10O3
    (2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— (S,S)-3-Hydroxy Lovastatin 127910-58-1 C24H36O6
    (S,S)-3-Hydroxy Lovastatin
    —— (3S,6S)-6-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1448544-41-9 C9H16O3
    (3S,6S)-6-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-isopentyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 103983-24-0 C11H20O2
    6-isopentyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 1-Hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-6-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 275826-00-1 C12H18O3
    1-Hydroxy-4,4,5-trimethyl-6-methylene-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (-)-crotogoudin 1252665-39-6 C20H26O3
    (-)-crotogoudin
    —— tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furanpentanal 1082070-93-6 C9H14O3
    tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furanpentanal
    —— 3-Butyl-4-pentyl-oxetan-2-one 872631-17-9 C12H22O2
    3-Butyl-4-pentyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 6-(furan-3-yl)oxane-2,4-dione 1020850-85-4 C9H8O4
    6-(furan-3-yl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-methyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one 145397-90-6 C12H18O2
    6-methyl-9-prop-1-en-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one