内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 54345-94-7 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-carboxylicacid, 5-ethyltetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo- (9CI) | 2064-81-5 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 3,5-Dimethyl-5-triphenylsilyl-1-pyrazolin-3,4-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 33302-35-1 | C25H22N2O3Si |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-6a-Methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6-dione 6-(O-methyl-oxime) | 81159-41-3 | C9H13NO3 |
| —— | Tanargyrolide | 128530-11-0 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (1aS,2aR,5R,5aR,6R,6aR)-1a-Methyl-5-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-5-phenylselanyl-6-triethylsilanyloxy-hexahydro-1,3-dioxa-cyclopropa[f]inden-4-one | 79802-68-9 | C27H40O4SeSi |
| —— | 3-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1228299-91-9 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-25-9 | C19H26O7 |
| —— | <5R*S*(1E)> 5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-5-methyl dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 167169-64-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (1SR,2SR,8SR,8aRS,4'RS,6'RS)-6-<2-(8-acetoxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 119414-59-4 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (R)-2-((S)-5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propionic acid | 64698-21-1 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (E)-ethyl 3-iodo-3-phenyl-2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acrylate | 1616799-27-9 | C15H17IO3 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-(4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)butyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1612797-01-9 | C25H34O3Si |
| —— | 3(S)-<<(3-oxo-4(R),7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-1(S)-yl)carbonyl>oxy>-1-azabicyclo<2.2.2>octane | 107770-18-3 | C17H25NO4 |
| —— | botryosphaerilactone A | 1204774-77-5 | C14H24O5 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3R,3aR,4R,6R,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-17-9 | C19H26O7 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-Chloromethyl-3-((R)-1-hydroxy-5-methyl-hexyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 135304-76-6 | C12H21ClO3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6R)-3-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1209462-46-3 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4-methyl-4-pentanolide | 120913-06-6 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (-)-neonepetalactone | 24190-25-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-adipinsaeure-anhydrid | 1202-72-8 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one | 20215-66-1 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | dihydrotrichorabdal E acetate | 125263-78-7 | C24H32O9 |
| —— | 12-Oxa-tricyclo[4.4.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-3-en-11-one | 78677-78-8 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 5-exo-hydroxy-7-anti-trimethylsilylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2,6-carbolactone | 78824-66-5 | C11H18O3Si |
| —— | 5-Bromo-3,3-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 82023-25-4 | C6H9BrO2 |
| —— | ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate | 140395-78-4 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | (4aR,8aS)-3-(4-Phenylamino-butyl)-octahydro-chromen-2-one | 99756-18-0 | C19H27NO2 |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-(3-(trimethylsilyl)propyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1612797-04-2 | C11H22O2Si |
| —— | 1599434-85-1 | C14H22NO5 | |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-4-vinyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 139108-43-3 | C25H30O3Si |
| —— | (4<i>S</i>)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29799-64-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4-phenyl-4-undecyl-γ-butyrolactone | 102684-81-1 | C21H32O2 |
| —— | (R)-12-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-12-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-dodecanal | 851040-44-3 | C22H42O4Si |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R,8S)-6-endo-Acetoxy-8-anti-fluoro-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 146452-24-6 | C9H11FO4 |
| —— | 1130905-91-7 | C10H10O3 | |
| —— | (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde | 125627-26-1 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (2R,4S)-2-benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-butanolide | 80386-12-5 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (E)-3-(3-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)propylidene)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1390627-51-6 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-2-formyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-4-one | 1292210-59-3 | C7H8O4 |
| —— | <4-(2)H2>mevalonic acid lactone | 136068-48-9 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,8S,8aR)-8-Hydroxy-8a-hydroxymethyl-3,7,7-trimethyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-1,4,6-trione | 342797-16-4 | C17H19NO6 |
| —— | (R)-6-[(4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1152589-56-4 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aS,9S,9aR,9bR)-6,9a-Dimethyl-9-trimethylsilanyloxy-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 72341-95-8 | C17H30O3Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-5-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87116-25-4 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (1aR,2R,2aR,5aR,6aR)-6a-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-2-triethylsilanyloxy-hexahydro-1,5-dioxa-cyclopropa[f]inden-4-one | 84011-64-3 | C21H40O5Si2 |
| —— | chaetomugilin B | 1041640-67-8 | C24H29ClO7 |
| —— | (3E)-3-ethylidene-6-phenyloxan-2-one | 1226979-49-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 4,5,5-trimethyl-3-(1-semicarbazono-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102879-73-2 | C10H17N3O3 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (S)-2-oxo-1-(3-trimethylsilanyl-prop-2-ynyl)-cyclohexyl ester | 169555-85-5 | C22H32O5Si |
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