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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6,6,15-Trimethyl-16-[4-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)butan-2-yl]-20-oxapentacyclo[10.6.2.01,15.02,12.05,10]icosane-7,19-dione —— C33H52O5
    6,6,15-Trimethyl-16-[4-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)butan-2-yl]-20-oxapentacyclo[10.6.2.01,15.02,12.05,10]icosane-7,19-dione
    —— (14-Hydroperoxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) acetate —— C22H32O7
    (14-Hydroperoxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 8,8a-Bis(ethenyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,8,9,9a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6-dione —— C17H18O5
    8,8a-Bis(ethenyl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,8,9,9a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-g]isochromene-2,6-dione
    —— 7-Hydroxy-11-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-6,7-dimethyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one —— C21H30O5
    7-Hydroxy-11-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-6,7-dimethyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one
    —— Anhydrogrossmisin 22551-48-0 C15H16O3
    Anhydrogrossmisin
    —— (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate
    —— (5-dec-9-enyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid 36690-62-7 C16H26O4
    (5-dec-9-enyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 5-Pent-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    5-Pent-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-methoxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone 20514-72-1 C5H8O3
    4-methoxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-ene-2,10-dione —— C19H28O3
    6-Methyl-11-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-9-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-5-ene-2,10-dione
    —— (14-Hydroperoxy-4-hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-12-yl) octanoate —— C28H44O8
    (14-Hydroperoxy-4-hydroxy-4,8,11-trimethyl-15-methylidene-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-12-yl) octanoate
    —— 2',5'-Dimethylspiro[2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,11'-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.2.01,5]undecane]-3,7'-dione —— C15H18O5
    2',5'-Dimethylspiro[2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,11'-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.2.01,5]undecane]-3,7'-dione
    —— (9-Hydroxy-6,6a,9-trimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,9a,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C18H22O5
    (9-Hydroxy-6,6a,9-trimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,9a,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 6-Hydroxy-7,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-14-propan-2-yl-3,10-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.0.02,6.07,11]hexadecane-9,16-dione —— C20H28O5
    6-Hydroxy-7,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-14-propan-2-yl-3,10-dioxatetracyclo[11.3.0.02,6.07,11]hexadecane-9,16-dione
    —— (2-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-oxo-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-8-yl) dodecanoate —— C27H40O7
    (2-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-oxo-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-8-yl) dodecanoate
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)-6-nonyloxane-2,4-dione —— C18H30O4
    3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)-6-nonyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-Henicosyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C25H48O2
    5-Henicosyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-3-propylideneoxolan-2-one —— C11H14O2
    5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-3-propylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 4-[1-[2-Ethenyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylcyclopentylidene]-2-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H22O4
    4-[1-[2-Ethenyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylcyclopentylidene]-2-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6,7-Dihydroxy-1,4,4,8-tetramethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,5]dodecan-12-one —— C15H24O4
    6,7-Dihydroxy-1,4,4,8-tetramethyl-11-oxatricyclo[7.3.0.02,5]dodecan-12-one
    —— 12-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C23H28O7
    12-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 8,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione —— C29H38O6
    8,12-Dihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione
    —— 10-Hydroxy-9-[4-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C25H36O5
    10-Hydroxy-9-[4-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methylbut-3-enyl]-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— 3-Methylidene-4-[3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]-2-oxobut-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    3-Methylidene-4-[3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]-2-oxobut-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 11beta,13-Dihydrovernolide 105229-54-7 C19H24O7
    11beta,13-Dihydrovernolide
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-penta-1,3-dienyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O3
    3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-penta-1,3-dienyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-13-enylideneoxolan-2-one —— C19H32O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-13-enylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) propanoate —— C18H22O5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) propanoate
    —— Methyl 2-(3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl)acetate —— C14H20O4
    Methyl 2-(3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl)acetate
    —— 5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon 89646-33-3 C7H13NO2
    5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) cyclohexanecarboxylate —— C22H28O5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) cyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— 8-Pent-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one —— C12H18O2
    8-Pent-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (8-Formyl-6,10-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-12-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-7-en-5-yl) hex-2-enoate —— C21H26O7
    (8-Formyl-6,10-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-12-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.02,6]tridec-7-en-5-yl) hex-2-enoate
    —— 2-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl)-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4,10-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C20H22O5
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4,10-dimethylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-8(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O6
    (11-Methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 6-But-2-en-2-yl-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C12H18O3
    6-But-2-en-2-yl-3,3,5-trimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-10-methyl-4,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.02,7]pentadecan-3-one —— C20H28O4
    6-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-10-methyl-4,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.2.01,10.02,7]pentadecan-3-one
    —— 6,8,8-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1-one —— C15H22O2
    6,8,8-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,7,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1-one
    —— 5-Heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 93043-86-8 C12H20O4
    5-Heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 5,9-Dimethyl-14-oxo-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid —— C18H26O4
    5,9-Dimethyl-14-oxo-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid
    —— LL-S-491-beta; Sphaeropsidin A —— C20H26O5
    LL-S-491-beta; Sphaeropsidin A
    —— 2-Carboxy-5,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide —— C11H18O4
    2-Carboxy-5,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide
    —— 9-Hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.03,8]heptadeca-8,11-diene-3-carbaldehyde —— C20H24O6
    9-Hydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyl-10,15-dioxo-16-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.03,8]heptadeca-8,11-diene-3-carbaldehyde
    —— 9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O5
    9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— (9-Hydroperoxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-7-en-12-yl) acetate —— C22H32O7
    (9-Hydroperoxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylidene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxatricyclo[11.3.2.03,5]octadec-7-en-12-yl) acetate
    —— (3-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (3-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-en-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 6-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C15H18O4
    6-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— 5-(2-Chloro-1,3,4-trihydroxyheptyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H21ClO5
    5-(2-Chloro-1,3,4-trihydroxyheptyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Nonacosyloxolan-2-one —— C33H64O2
    5-Nonacosyloxolan-2-one