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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S)-1-Methyl-5,10-dioxo-4-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>dec-7-ene 114611-45-9 C10H12O3
    (1S)-1-Methyl-5,10-dioxo-4-oxabicyclo<5.3.0>dec-7-ene
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 130550-19-5 C5H8O3
    4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-7-oxo-8-oxa-2-formylbicyclo<3.2.0>oct-2-ene 135922-83-7 C8H8O3
    (+/-)-7-oxo-8-oxa-2-formylbicyclo<3.2.0>oct-2-ene
    —— (1'R,3R,4R,5R)-5-[1'-azido-2'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one 343306-28-5 C22H27N3O5Si
    (1'R,3R,4R,5R)-5-[1'-azido-2'-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one
    —— (1'R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(1'-azido-2'-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyethyl)-3,4-benzilidenedioxy-3,4-dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one 343306-38-7 C29H31N3O5Si
    (1'R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(1'-azido-2'-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxyethyl)-3,4-benzilidenedioxy-3,4-dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-furan-2,4-dione 97610-49-6 C12H12O3
    3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-furan-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 1067999-89-6 C12H24O3Si
    (3R,5R)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 12-epiteupolin I 72948-20-0 C22H28O7
    12-epiteupolin I
    —— 3-trimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide 108762-97-6 C8H16O3Si
    3-trimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide
    —— (1S,7R)-4-oxa-7,11,11-trimethylbicyclo<5.4.0>undecan-3-one 150669-61-7 C13H22O2
    (1S,7R)-4-oxa-7,11,11-trimethylbicyclo<5.4.0>undecan-3-one
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-α-(3-thienyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone 958000-87-8 C12H12O4S
    α-methoxycarbonyl-α-(3-thienyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone
    —— (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-[6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexyl]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 827325-81-5 C29H40O3Si
    (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-[6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-hexyl]-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 2-Cyano-5-pentanolid 18197-20-1 C6H7NO2
    2-Cyano-5-pentanolid
    —— <1R-(1α,6α,7α)>-7-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 145576-45-0 C12H12O2
    <1R-(1α,6α,7α)>-7-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— cis-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-butyrolactone 89065-56-5 C8H14O2
    cis-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-butyrolactone
    —— trans-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-butyrolactone 89065-56-5 C8H14O2
    trans-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-butyrolactone
    —— 6-Ketodecanolid 4753-58-6 C10H16O3
    6-Ketodecanolid
    —— 4-methyl-3-methylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1313031-30-9 C9H10O2
    4-methyl-3-methylene-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (5S,6S)-6-{(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-1-methylethyl}-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 237735-80-7 C25H34O3Si
    (5S,6S)-6-{(1S)-2-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-1-methylethyl}-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— S-(Tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furanyl)methyl ethanethioate 98164-06-8 C13H14O3S
    S-(Tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furanyl)methyl ethanethioate
    —— 3-ethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 4064-16-8 C12H14O2
    3-ethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Dihydro-4-phenyl-3-(((phenylmethyl)thio)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone 98162-85-7 C18H18O2S
    Dihydro-4-phenyl-3-(((phenylmethyl)thio)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-methyl-2-methylene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one 90162-74-6 C10H14O2
    4-methyl-2-methylene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one
    —— 3-(E)-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one 90162-72-4 C11H16O2
    3-(E)-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one
    —— 3-(E)-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one 90162-71-3 C10H14O2
    3-(E)-ethylidene-1-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-2-one
    —— Carvenolid 5587-65-5 C10H14O2
    Carvenolid
    —— 5-methyl-3-[(E)-methylbutylidene]dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one 190448-99-8 C10H16O2
    5-methyl-3-[(E)-methylbutylidene]dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one
    —— 3-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-glutaric acid-anhydride 104095-31-0 C12H11ClO3
    3-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-glutaric acid-anhydride
    —— trans-2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycyclopentyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone 54312-52-6 C9H12O2
    trans-2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycyclopentyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone
    —— [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] carbonochloridate 615555-76-5 C7H9ClO4
    [(3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] carbonochloridate
    —— 3',4'-dihydro-5'H-spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,2'-furan]-1(6),2,4-trien-5'-one 1210050-41-1 C11H10O2
    3',4'-dihydro-5'H-spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,2'-furan]-1(6),2,4-trien-5'-one
    —— (1Z,3S,6S,7R,8S,11S,13R,15R)-6-methyl-7,13-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.0<sup>3,11</sup>.0<sup>4,8</sup>]nonadeca-1,9-diene-17,18-dione 714966-59-3 C31H52O5Si2
    (1Z,3S,6S,7R,8S,11S,13R,15R)-6-methyl-7,13-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.0<sup>3,11</sup>.0<sup>4,8</sup>]nonadeca-1,9-diene-17,18-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-((Z)-(R)-1-methyl-3-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-pent-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 907593-93-5 C21H40O4Si
    (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-((Z)-(R)-1-methyl-3-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-pent-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-Methoxy-6-((Z)-(R)-1-methyl-3-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-pent-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 907593-94-6 C22H42O4Si
    (4R,6R)-4-Methoxy-6-((Z)-(R)-1-methyl-3-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-pent-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 1041010-78-9 C26H44O3Si
    (3E)-3-[2-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (E,E,E)-3-(2,4-hexadien-1-ylidene)-4,5-dihydro-3(3H)-furanone 115078-12-1 C10H12O2
    (E,E,E)-3-(2,4-hexadien-1-ylidene)-4,5-dihydro-3(3H)-furanone
    —— (3Z)-3-{2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one 301151-19-9 C20H30O2
    (3Z)-3-{2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene}oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[2-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 1041010-77-8 C26H44O3Si
    (3Z)-3-[2-[(1R,3S,4aS,8aS)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— dihydro-4-acetoxy-5-ethyl-2(3H)-furanone 51236-98-7 C8H12O4
    dihydro-4-acetoxy-5-ethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl tetronic acid 94447-92-4 C8H10O5
    5,5-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl tetronic acid
    —— (S)-5-((S)-1-azido-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1292778-95-0 C9H15N3O2
    (S)-5-((S)-1-azido-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5R,7S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-7-ethyl-7-hydroxymethyl-oxepan-2-one 677299-25-1 C26H36O4Si
    (5R,7S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-7-ethyl-7-hydroxymethyl-oxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 103335-78-0 C12H23NO2
    (3S,5S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-butyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1292778-94-9 C9H16O3
    (S)-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-<(methanesulfonyl)oxy>-2-isopropyl-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone 103453-92-5 C13H24O5S
    (2S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-<(methanesulfonyl)oxy>-2-isopropyl-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone
    —— (2S,4S,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-azido-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone 103335-76-8 C12H21N3O2
    (2S,4S,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-azido-7-methyloctanoic acid, γ-lactone
    —— (3S,5S)-5-((S)-1-azido-3-methylbutyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1292778-96-1 C12H21N3O3
    (3S,5S)-5-((S)-1-azido-3-methylbutyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1''R)-(1'E)-3-<2'-(2'',2''-dimethyl-6''-methylene-cyclohexyl)-ethylidene>-dihydrofuran-2-one 172958-84-8 C15H22O2
    (1''R)-(1'E)-3-<2'-(2'',2''-dimethyl-6''-methylene-cyclohexyl)-ethylidene>-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-allyl-5-[(2S)-3-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy-2-methylpropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1417803-54-3 C27H36O3Si
    (4R,5S)-4-allyl-5-[(2S)-3-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy-2-methylpropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— tert-butyl ((2R,3R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate 878673-43-9 C12H21NO4
    tert-butyl ((2R,3R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate