内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,8R,9S,12S)-11-Oxo-12-phenyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[6.4.0.09,12]dodecane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 115410-91-8 | C19H22O4 |
| —— | Hexahydro-2H-cyclopent[d]oxepin-2,4(1H)-dione | 5662-96-4 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2-oxo-7a-pentyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 67498-58-2 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-furan-2,4-dione-4-oxime | 98196-83-9 | C6H9NO3 |
| —— | 67988-11-8 | C24H34O8 | |
| —— | succinimido γ-butyrolactone-γ(S)-carboxylate | 125161-86-6 | C9H9NO6 |
| —— | 1142865-07-3 | C15H25NO4 | |
| —— | (2S,6S,7S,9S,15R)-15-{(2S,5R,6R,8S)-5-Benzyloxy-8-[(R)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-10-methyl-1,7-dioxa-spiro[5.5]undec-10-en-2-ylmethyl}-15-methyl-2,9-diphenyl-1,8,13,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecan-14-one | 220691-14-5 | C62H74O9Si |
| —— | 6-iodo-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 131758-82-2 | C9H10F3IO2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-pent-4-enyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 873017-42-6 | C10H17NO2 |
| —— | 4-(2-Methylene-cyclohexylmethyl)-5H-furan-2-one | 154918-11-3 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | α-Keto-β-methyl-β-allyloxycarbonyl-γ-butyrolactone | 136400-53-8 | C9H10O5 |
| —— | 64086-54-0 | C17H24O3 | |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-methyl-6-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1450804-77-9 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 226065-50-5 | C12H20O2 | |
| —— | 2-[hydroxy-(4-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-yl)amino]-3-phenyl-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-4-one | 92774-58-8 | C30H31NO5 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-p-tolyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1140912-46-4 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-(2-methanesulfonyloxy-ethyl)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 64861-55-8 | C12H18O7S |
| —— | 6,7-Dihydro-spiro<benzo<b>thiophen-4(5H),3'(4'H)-<2H>-pyran>-5'-(5'H)-on | 105776-45-2 | C12H14O2S |
| —— | 3-(amino(phenyl)methylene)-5-octyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1262045-25-9 | C19H27NO2 |
| —— | 4-Decyl-4-myristolacton | 108418-98-0 | C24H46O2 |
| —— | 1β,3α-(dihydroxymethyl)-1α,6α-dimethylcyclohexane-2α-carboxylic acid 2,3-γ-lactone | 77044-53-2 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,4S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-4-hydroxy-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 87141-56-8 | C24H38O6 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4aS,4bR,6R,8R,8aS,10S,10aS)-8-acetoxy-10-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1,4a,6-trimethyltetradecahydrophenanthrene-1,3-carbolactone | 756532-94-2 | C26H44O5Si |
| —— | (3S,4S,4aR,10aS)-6,6,8,8-Tetraisopropyl-3,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-6,8-disila-benzocycloocten-2-one | 196393-07-4 | C20H40O5Si2 |
| —— | N,N-Dimethyl-2-[(1S,6S)-6-methyl-6-((3R,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-cyclohex-2-enyl]-acetamide | 64190-39-2 | C16H25NO3 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6-Butyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 87433-98-5 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(1S,2R,3S,5S)-3-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclopentyl]oxolan-2-one | 1132754-20-1 | C16H26O5 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3'S,6R,8S,9R)-3'-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2',2',9-trimethylspiro[4-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.01,6]dodecane-2,6'-cyclohexane]-1',5,10-trione | 1193365-65-9 | C25H40O5Si |
| —— | Clavudien-pivaloyloxymethylester | 64019-20-1 | C14H17NO6 |
| —— | 1009561-61-8 | C9H14O2 | |
| —— | 4-Methyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,3-dione | 136400-60-7 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-6-[4-[4-(aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]butyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, trifluoroacetate | 177341-20-7 | C2HF3O2*C16H22N2O2 |
| —— | (3R*,4R*)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(trans-1-methyl-2-butenyl)oxolan-2-one | 79930-21-5 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-Isopropyl-3-((S)-1-methyl-allyl)-[1,4]oxathian-2-one | 126574-88-7 | C11H18O2S |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-((3S,4S,5S)-5-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethylcarbamate | 1021460-70-7 | C29H41NO6Si |
| —— | [(S)-3-methyl-1-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-pent-4-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852945-06-3 | C16H27NO4 |
| —— | 4-Allylsulfanylmethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 139022-67-6 | C10H14O4S |
| —— | N-[(2R,3R)-5-Oxo-2-((1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetamide | 65371-74-6 | C9H15NO6 |
| —— | 62994-60-9 | C20H26O4 | |
| —— | [(1R,3R)-3-methyl-1-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hex-5-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852878-20-7 | C16H27NO4 |
| —— | 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3,4-dione | 98954-49-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 133906-48-6 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-(2-methoxyethoxymethoxy)-5-trifluoromethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 727427-22-7 | C9H13F3O5 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Heptyl-3-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 107365-07-1 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 244612-49-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2-isopropyl-3-methylbutyryloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159224-82-5 | C38H68O6Si2 |
| —— | 1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-oxa-2-oxo-6-phenylbicyclo<3.1.0>hexane | 96540-32-8 | C14H14O4 |
| —— | 3-(3-adamantan-2-yl-2-methylallyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-93-2 | C19H28O2 |
| —— | 6-Oximino-nonanolid | 38538-04-4 | C9H15NO3 |
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