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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-(3-methylidene-6-propan-2-yl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C18H26O3
    3-hydroxy-5-(3-methylidene-6-propan-2-yl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (15-Hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O7
    (15-Hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 9-Hydroxy-10-(1-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienylidene)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9-dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecane-4,8,11-trione —— C19H22O7
    9-Hydroxy-10-(1-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienylidene)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,9-dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecane-4,8,11-trione
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(3-{[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl)carbonyl]amino}propyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(3-{[(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl)carbonyl]amino}propyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 8-Hydroxy-9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4,11-dioxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridecane-3,12-dione —— C15H22O6
    8-Hydroxy-9-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-4,11-dioxatricyclo[6.5.0.01,5]tridecane-3,12-dione
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Prop-2-ynyl 3-methyl-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolane-2-carboxylate —— C14H20O4
    Prop-2-ynyl 3-methyl-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— D-glucaric acid-1,4-lactone 1173108-80-9 C6H8O7
    D-glucaric acid-1,4-lactone
    —— 5-Acetonyldihydro-3-methyl-3H-furanon-(2); 3-Methyl-5-acetonyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan 90482-36-3 C8H12O3
    5-Acetonyldihydro-3-methyl-3H-furanon-(2); 3-Methyl-5-acetonyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan
    —— [4,6-Dihydroxy-8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate —— C23H36O7
    [4,6-Dihydroxy-8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate
    —— 7-Methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one —— C15H20O4
    7-Methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— 3-[2-(3-Hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxo-1,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H28O4
    3-[2-(3-Hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-6-oxo-1,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Carboxy-4-(1'-butyl)butyrolacton 26449-01-4 C9H14O4
    2-Carboxy-4-(1'-butyl)butyrolacton
    —— 11-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,10-trimethyl-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodecane-3,8-dione —— C15H22O5
    11-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,10-trimethyl-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.3.01,6]dodecane-3,8-dione
    —— (3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H20O4
    (3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methylspiro[2,3,3a,4,5a,6,7,8-octahydroacenaphthylene-5,3'-oxolane]-1,2'-dione —— C20H22O4
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-4-methylspiro[2,3,3a,4,5a,6,7,8-octahydroacenaphthylene-5,3'-oxolane]-1,2'-dione
    —— Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,11]octadecane-1-carboxylate —— C26H36O7
    Methyl 16-hydroxy-2,6,6,11,14,16-hexamethyl-18-methylidene-8,15,17-trioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[12.3.1.02,12.05,11]octadecane-1-carboxylate
    —— 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyoxan-2-one —— C5H8O6
    3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— deoxymikanolide 23753-57-3 C15H16O5
    deoxymikanolide
    —— 7-Hydroxy-14-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one —— C21H30O5
    7-Hydroxy-14-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one
    —— 14-Acetyl-10-ethenyl-9,9,11-trimethyl-2-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.04,13.07,12]tetradec-4-ene-3,8-dione —— C20H24O4
    14-Acetyl-10-ethenyl-9,9,11-trimethyl-2-oxatetracyclo[9.2.1.04,13.07,12]tetradec-4-ene-3,8-dione
    —— 9,14-Dimethyl-2,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-4,7-diene-3,13-dione —— C15H16O5
    9,14-Dimethyl-2,6,12-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.1.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-4,7-diene-3,13-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O4
    3-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2,11-Dimethyl-9-(2-methylbut-2-enoxy)-7-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-ene-6,12-dione —— C20H26O5
    2,11-Dimethyl-9-(2-methylbut-2-enoxy)-7-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradec-1(13)-ene-6,12-dione
    —— 1,5,9-Trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione —— C15H20O4
    1,5,9-Trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradec-5-ene-4,13-dione
    —— 13-Methyl-3,7-dioxatetracyclo[13.4.0.02,6.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),12,17-triene-4,16,19-trione —— C18H18O5
    13-Methyl-3,7-dioxatetracyclo[13.4.0.02,6.06,8]nonadeca-1(15),12,17-triene-4,16,19-trione
    —— 2,8-Bis(chloromethyl)-12-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-3,7,14-trioxatetracyclo[9.4.0.02,4.06,8]pentadecan-13-one —— C20H26Cl2O5
    2,8-Bis(chloromethyl)-12-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-3,7,14-trioxatetracyclo[9.4.0.02,4.06,8]pentadecan-13-one
    —— 6-Heptadecyloxan-2-one —— C22H42O2
    6-Heptadecyloxan-2-one
    —— 11-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-2-methylidenespiro[5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecane-7,2'-oxirane]-12-one —— C20H26O5
    11-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-2-methylidenespiro[5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecane-7,2'-oxirane]-12-one
    —— 2,12-Dihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxy-7-methyl-2',11-dioxo-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-furan]-3'-carbaldehyde —— C20H24O10
    2,12-Dihydroxy-4',8-dimethoxy-7-methyl-2',11-dioxo-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-furan]-3'-carbaldehyde
    —— [5-[2-(2,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-9a-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-2,3,7-trioxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C22H24O9
    [5-[2-(2,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl]-9a-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-2,3,7-trioxo-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— 2-Hydroperoxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),3(9),4-trien-6-one —— C30H40O7
    2-Hydroperoxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),3(9),4-trien-6-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.05,9]tridec-9-en-13-one —— C15H20O3
    4-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.05,9]tridec-9-en-13-one
    —— 5-(1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C11H20O4
    5-(1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutan-2-yl)-4,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O5
    9-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15-tetramethyl-21-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 6,7-Dihydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H18O4
    6,7-Dihydroxy-10-methyloxecan-2-one
    —— 5-Benzyl-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C22H28N2O3S
    5-Benzyl-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— [1-Acetyloxy-6-[5-acetyloxy-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxymethyl)-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-7a-hydroxy-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroinden-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate —— C43H60O17
    [1-Acetyloxy-6-[5-acetyloxy-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxymethyl)-7-oxooxepan-4-yl]-5-formyloxy-3-(furan-3-yl)-7a-hydroxy-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroinden-4-yl] 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate
    —— cumambrin A —— C17H22O5
    cumambrin A
    —— ML-236A 58889-19-3 C18H26O4
    ML-236A
    —— (6,8,9-Trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O7
    (6,8,9-Trihydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 4,14-Dimethyl-10-methylidene-5,8,15-trioxapentacyclo[10.2.1.01,6.04,6.07,11]pentadecan-9-one —— C15H18O4
    4,14-Dimethyl-10-methylidene-5,8,15-trioxapentacyclo[10.2.1.01,6.04,6.07,11]pentadecan-9-one
    —— 8-Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-(2-methylbutoxy)-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one —— C19H28O5
    8-Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-(2-methylbutoxy)-14-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.04,6]tetradec-9-en-13-one
    —— 19-Hydroxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one —— C30H40O6
    19-Hydroxy-16-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-8,8,13,17-tetramethyl-7-oxatetracyclo[10.7.0.03,9.013,17]nonadeca-1(12),2,4-trien-6-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C19H28O6
    4-hydroxy-3-[2-[6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— [9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl] acetate —— C22H30O6
    [9-[2-(Furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl] acetate
    —— 5-Decyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C16H30O3
    5-Decyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,7,11-Trimethyl-5-oxatetracyclo[5.4.2.01,8.04,13]tridecan-6-one —— C15H22O2
    4,7,11-Trimethyl-5-oxatetracyclo[5.4.2.01,8.04,13]tridecan-6-one
    —— 4a-Acetyl-7a-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione —— C15H16O4
    4a-Acetyl-7a-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-5-pentadecyloxolan-2-one —— C21H40O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-5-pentadecyloxolan-2-one