内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (E,Z)-3-(2-aminoethoxyimino)-7a-oxa-7a-homoandrostane-7,17-dione hydrochloride | 960529-19-5 | C21H32N2O4*ClH |
| —— | [3R-(3a,4b,5b,6a(2R,3Z,5R,6R,7R,8Z,11S,13R,14S,15S,16Z,17E))]-6-[2,6-bis[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-5,7,9,11,13,15-hexamethyl-14-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]-12-oxo-20-({[({[(2-propenyloxy)carbonyl]amino}hexyl)amino]carbonyl}oxy)-3,8,16,18-tri | 184291-78-9 | C72H126N2O12Si3 |
| —— | 2,2,4-trimethyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 88428-64-2 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (13Ξ)-6β,9,15-trihydroxy-8β<i>H</i>-labdan-19-oic acid-6-lactone | 110435-41-1 | C20H34O4 |
| —— | 3-butyl-5-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27850-27-7 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 3,6-Dioxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodecane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 81408-26-6 | C13H16O5 |
| —— | α-Butylidenbutyrolacton | 143700-08-7 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,7S,8S)-8-Acetoxy-7-bromo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-one | 220589-22-0 | C9H11BrO4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-((2S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 515868-95-8 | C22H46O5Si2 |
| —— | 6-(4-bromophenyl)dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione | 1020850-84-3 | C11H9BrO3 |
| —— | 6-Ethyl-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129665-08-3 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3,5-Dimethyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 57735-30-5 | C8H9NO2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(octadeca-9,11-diynyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 1601468-44-3 | C23H36O3 |
| —— | 3-oxaspiro[5.3]nonan-2-one | 518284-70-3 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 1,10-dioxa-cycloeicosa-4,6-diyne-11,20-dione | 109615-83-0 | C18H24O4 |
| —— | 2-Phenethyl-2-propyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione | 328237-98-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | 7ξ,9-dihydroxy-6-oxo-14,15,16-trinor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-13,19-dioic acid-13=>9-lactone-19-methyl ester | 101887-36-9 | C18H26O6 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-non-8-in-saeure-lacton | 90534-43-3 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 2-hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 94676-64-9 | C20H36O3 |
| —— | (9R)-9-methyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-7-one | 96423-82-4 | C8H12O2S2 |
| —— | (3aα,5β,6aα)-Hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 84173-28-4 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>,7Ξ)-6ξ-acetyl-3<i>c</i>-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>t</i>)-hexahydro-spiro[benzofuran-7,2'-furan]-2,5'-dione | 100972-78-9 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | 7-endo-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)-6-exo-<3'-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)oct-1'-enyl>-8-exo-iodo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-one | 108380-88-7 | C27H51IO4Si2 |
| —— | α-Bromocampholid | 73582-52-2 | C10H15BrO2 |
| —— | γ,γ-Tetramethylenparaconsaeure-methylester | 18363-04-7 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 4,4,17β-Trihydroxy-4-methyl-2,3-bisnor-1,4-seco-5α-oestran-1-saeure-4-lacton | 98339-40-3 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | Eupteleogenin | 3676-33-3 | C29H42O4 |
| —— | (1S,5R,8S)-1-((R)-4-Bromo-hept-6-enyl)-8-vinyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 127762-03-2 | C16H23BrO2 |
| —— | 6-[(E)-2-[(2S,3S)-3-propyloxiran-2-yl]ethenyl]oxan-2-one | 115065-98-0 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 3-Eth-(Z)-ylidene-5-hexyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87351-33-5 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (2SR)-2-deoxy-2-bromo-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 1260238-49-0 | C17H34BrFO4Si2 |
| —— | 143060-27-9 | C17H20O7 | |
| —— | 1-acetyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-7-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>hept-6-en-2-one | 123518-04-7 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-(6-oxooxan-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde | 148138-16-3 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2,2,4,4-Di-tetramethylen-γ-butyrolacton | 57479-53-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 1-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 1067637-59-5 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 3-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-phenyl-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-propionic acid | 106381-26-4 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | 5-isobutyryl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99181-69-8 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 3,5-Di-O-methyl-D-galactonsaeure-γ-lacton | 90458-40-5 | C8H14O6 |
| —— | 3-Benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-adipinsaeure-lacton | 741-95-7 | C19H18O4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-iod-3.3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pentansaeure-lacton | 93307-87-0 | C13H15IO2 |
| —— | 3-(3-Chloro-propyl)-3-(4-trimethylsilanyl-but-3-ynyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 176687-26-6 | C14H23ClO2Si |
| —— | (5R)-phenylseleno-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 112775-65-2 | C11H12O3Se |
| —— | (Z)-5-(2-bromo-3-chloro-3-(2-chlorophenyl)allyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1638667-39-6 | C13H11BrCl2O2 |
| —— | 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (2S,3S,4R)-2-(dec-9-en-1-yl)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1446490-31-8 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | 4-methylene-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-one | 1607455-26-4 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (Z)-7-Methyl-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione | 138886-53-0 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (1α,2α,6α,6aα,10aβ,13S*)-(+/-)-octahydro-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-6a,2,6-(methanoxymetheno)-2H-3-benzoxocine-4,9(1H)-dione | 108836-69-7 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S,8R,9S,10S)-5-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-3,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<3.4.0>-6-nonene | 145098-68-6 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | bicyclopentyl-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 853772-98-2 | C12H16O3 |
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