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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (7S)-6-ethyl-7-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one —— C15H17NO3
    (7S)-6-ethyl-7-methyl-3-phenyl-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one
    —— 4-Butan-2-yl-3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    4-Butan-2-yl-3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(1'-Butenyl)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 14316-95-1 C9H14O2
    4-(1'-Butenyl)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(3-oxobutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 89927-33-3 C8H12O3
    5-(3-oxobutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane 274913-93-8 C9H14O3
    3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane
    —— 4-(but-3-enyl)-2-propiolactone 360565-74-8 C7H10O2
    4-(but-3-enyl)-2-propiolactone
    —— 3,3,5-trimethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 36763-77-6 C7H12O2
    3,3,5-trimethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 92687-12-2 C11H10O3
    6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 947767-50-2 C10H9NO2
    (1S,5R)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(4-oxooxetan-2-yl)prop-2-enal 301849-84-3 C6H6O3
    (Z)-3-(4-oxooxetan-2-yl)prop-2-enal
    —— α-butyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone 87683-10-1 C8H14O3
    α-butyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— tetrahydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-furancarbonitrile 33574-07-1 C11H9NO2
    tetrahydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-3-furancarbonitrile
    —— (4S,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 95891-75-1 C12H12O3
    (4S,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 1334541-49-9 C13H11N3O2
    (1R,5S)-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one 1483-09-6 C8H12O2
    1-oxaspiro[3.5]nonan-2-one
    —— methylketene dimer 476365-25-0 C6H8O2
    methylketene dimer
    —— (R)-4-(hex-4-ynyl)oxetan-2-one 1259544-62-1 C9H12O2
    (R)-4-(hex-4-ynyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(methoxymethyl)oxetan-2-one 1259544-52-9 C5H8O3
    (R)-4-(methoxymethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(hept-1-ynyl)oxetan-2-one 1257518-19-6 C10H14O2
    4-(hept-1-ynyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-4-Dec-9-enyl-oxetan-2-one 252873-92-0 C13H22O2
    (S)-4-Dec-9-enyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(cyclohexylethynyl)oxetan-2-one 1257518-22-1 C11H14O2
    4-(cyclohexylethynyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(trimethylsilanyl-ethynyl) oxetan-2-one 310905-63-6 C8H12O2Si
    (R)-4-(trimethylsilanyl-ethynyl) oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-(-)-cis-dimethyl-(γ)-butyrolactone 80009-59-2 C6H10O2
    (3S,4S)-(-)-cis-dimethyl-(γ)-butyrolactone
    —— (4S)-4-((2RS)-2-methoxyundecyl)oxetan-2-one 1193905-16-6 C15H28O3
    (4S)-4-((2RS)-2-methoxyundecyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-((2RS)-2-methoxyundecyl)oxetan-2-one 1193905-12-2 C15H28O3
    (4R)-4-((2RS)-2-methoxyundecyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-5-octyn-4-olide 133399-88-9 C8H10O2
    (+/-)-5-octyn-4-olide
    —— (R)-5-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 130609-14-2 C6H10O3
    (R)-5-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— camphoric anhydride 595-31-3 C10H14O3
    camphoric anhydride
    —— 5,5-Diethyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 188646-70-0 C14H18O2
    5,5-Diethyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,4-diethylbutyrolactone 1608-93-1 C8H14O2
    4,4-diethylbutyrolactone
    —— Ethyl tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-α,2-dioxo-2H-pyran-3-acetate 20473-94-3 C10H16O4
    Ethyl tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-α,2-dioxo-2H-pyran-3-acetate
    —— 4-(1'-chloroacetoxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide 946617-06-7 C12H17ClO4
    4-(1'-chloroacetoxycyclohexan-1'-yl)butanolide
    —— 5-hydroxymethyl-3-methylbutyrolactone 51577-65-2 C6H10O3
    5-hydroxymethyl-3-methylbutyrolactone
    —— bicyclo<4.2.0>octane-7,8-dicarboxylate anhydride 6537-93-5 C10H12O3
    bicyclo<4.2.0>octane-7,8-dicarboxylate anhydride
    —— (4R,5S)-(5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 164848-06-0 C12H24O4Si
    (4R,5S)-(5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-(3-furyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 51593-62-5 C8H8O3
    5-(3-furyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3,4-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acetate 1004788-37-7 C8H12O4
    3,4-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acetate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbutanolid 80248-68-6 C6H10O3
    3-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbutanolid
    —— 4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acetate 1004788-36-6 C9H14O4
    4-ethyl-3-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl acetate
    —— (4R,6S)-4-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-6-furan-3-yl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 342641-10-5 C14H18O3
    (4R,6S)-4-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-6-furan-3-yl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5-(3'-furyl)-3-methylidenetetrahydrofuran-2-one 1314552-04-9 C9H8O3
    5-(3'-furyl)-3-methylidenetetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,6S)-3-allyl-4-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-6-furan-3-yl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 342641-11-6 C17H22O3
    (3S,4R,6S)-3-allyl-4-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-6-furan-3-yl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 1-methylpropyl-2-oxotetrahydrofurane 77755-97-6 C8H14O2
    1-methylpropyl-2-oxotetrahydrofurane
    —— (4R)-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 71302-21-1 C11H12O2
    (4R)-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-benzylidene-5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 328041-66-3 C17H20O2
    (Z)-3-benzylidene-5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-α-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactone 40011-26-5 C11H10O2
    (Z)-α-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— dimethylaminomicheliolide 1403357-81-2 C17H27NO3
    dimethylaminomicheliolide
    —— (1S,5R,6S)-6-ethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 141041-90-9 C7H10O2
    (1S,5R,6S)-6-ethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 169891-56-9 C7H12O2
    4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 49576-63-8 C8H12O2
    3-methylene-4,5,5-trimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one