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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-5-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 56452-73-4 C6H10O3
    (S)-5-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— xestospongiene A 1263368-10-0 C14H20Br2O3
    xestospongiene A
    —— (S)-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 56405-80-2 C6H10O4
    (S)-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone 129151-33-3 C6H8O3
    5,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-5-[(1S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one 211364-88-4 C12H24O6Si
    (3S,4R,5R)-5-[(1S)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 2,6-dibromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-idono-1,4-lactone 129151-32-2 C6H8Br2O4
    2,6-dibromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-idono-1,4-lactone
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 71741-91-8 C16H14O2S
    3-Methylidene-5-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— methanesulfonic acid (3R)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester 192057-37-7 C5H8O5S
    methanesulfonic acid (3R)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3-butyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyloxolan-2-one 342386-04-3 C11H20O4
    (3R,4S,5S)-3-butyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S,5S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyl-3-tetradec-2-ynylideneoxolan-2-one 303008-41-5 C21H34O4
    (3E,4S,5S)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyl-3-tetradec-2-ynylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-3-tetradecylfuran-2(3H)-one 211050-23-6 C19H36O3
    (3R,4S,5R)-3-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-3-tetradecylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-tetradecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 120199-43-1 C19H36O3
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-tetradecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-methyl-2-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-3-one 121471-41-8 C11H18O2
    4-methyl-2-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-3-one
    —— (3aR,6S,6aS)-2-Ethyl-6-((R)-2-ethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-4-yl)-dihydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-4-one 74128-60-2 C10H16B2O6
    (3aR,6S,6aS)-2-Ethyl-6-((R)-2-ethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-4-yl)-dihydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaborol-4-one
    —— 5-Cyclopentyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 71741-75-8 C14H16O2S
    5-Cyclopentyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 71741-90-7 C16H14O2S
    3-Methylidene-5-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Methyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 87998-20-7 C10H10O2S
    5-Methyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Benzyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 71741-76-9 C16H14O2S
    5-Benzyl-3-methylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)oxan-2-one 1422973-32-7 C12H14O4
    3-Acetyl-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylidene-5-(propan-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one 71741-70-3 C12H14O2S
    3-Methylidene-5-(propan-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— <i>meso</i>-2,4-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-glutaric acid-1=>4-lactone 702-64-7 C7H10O5
    <i>meso</i>-2,4-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-glutaric acid-1=>4-lactone
    —— ethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylate 90832-98-7 C11H16O4
    ethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— dilactone of α,α'-dihydroxy-α,α'-dimethyladipic acid 5760-70-3 C8H10O4
    dilactone of α,α'-dihydroxy-α,α'-dimethyladipic acid
    —— [(2R)-2-[(2R,3S)-2-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-triethylsilyloxyethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 935253-07-9 C19H34O5Si
    [(2R)-2-[(2R,3S)-2-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-triethylsilyloxyethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— [(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R)-2-ethenyl-4-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-triethylsilyloxyethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 935253-08-0 C23H40O6Si
    [(2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R)-2-ethenyl-4-(2-methylpropanoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-triethylsilyloxyethyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (E)-2-(1-methoxypropylidene)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 131067-15-7 C9H14O3
    (E)-2-(1-methoxypropylidene)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)butanoic lactone 88441-99-0 C11H16O2
    4-hydroxy-4-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)butanoic lactone
    —— 4-spirocyclopentane-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 77197-72-9 C14H16O2
    4-spirocyclopentane-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4,6-Dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 92687-11-1 C7H8O5
    4,6-Dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— δ-Iod-α-benzyl-γ-valerolacton 1729-21-1 C12H13IO2
    δ-Iod-α-benzyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— 5-[2-(5-Oxo-4-phenylselanyloxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-3-phenylselanyloxolan-2-one 1025949-69-2 C22H22O4Se2
    5-[2-(5-Oxo-4-phenylselanyloxolan-2-yl)ethyl]-3-phenylselanyloxolan-2-one
    —— Dihydromakubanolid A 71359-04-1 C21H38O3
    Dihydromakubanolid A
    —— 4,4'-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylen-cyanocarbonsaeuremethylester 82698-90-6 C10H11NO4
    4,4'-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylen-cyanocarbonsaeuremethylester
    —— 4-(1,3,3-Trichloroprop-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 88037-53-0 C7H7Cl3O2
    4-(1,3,3-Trichloroprop-2-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Dimeres Perfluordimethylketen 10436-05-2 C8F12O2
    Dimeres Perfluordimethylketen
    —— (+)-(3R,4R)-3-vinyl-4-(3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl)-γ-butyrolactone 110826-74-9 C12H18O2Si
    (+)-(3R,4R)-3-vinyl-4-(3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-propynyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6-(2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 88037-59-6 C7H7Cl3O2
    6-(2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolan-2-one 1286701-21-0 C12H18O2
    5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,3R,6R,8S,10R)-6-phenyl-2,5,7,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecan-12-one 181263-15-0 C16H18O5
    (1S,3R,6R,8S,10R)-6-phenyl-2,5,7,11-tetraoxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradecan-12-one
    —— 6-phenyl-4-triethylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 913723-04-3 C17H26O3Si
    6-phenyl-4-triethylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2one 148495-64-1 C11H12O3
    (4R,6S)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2one
    —— 6-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 88037-55-2 C7H6Cl2O2
    6-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetyl chloride 76865-27-5 C8H11ClO3
    2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetyl chloride
    —— (3S,5R,2'R)-5-dec-9-enyl-3-oxiranylmethyldihydrofuran-2-one 848821-27-2 C17H28O3
    (3S,5R,2'R)-5-dec-9-enyl-3-oxiranylmethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-allyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 864498-74-8 C8H12O2
    6-allyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 6(S)-<2-<8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutanoyl>oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydro-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-4-(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 105227-51-8 C24H36O5
    6(S)-<2-<8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutanoyl>oxy>-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydro-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-4-(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-allyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 152723-40-5 C7H10O2
    5-allyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one 1392820-91-5 C9H14O4
    (1S,5R,7S)-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (4S,6S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-(2-((tertbutyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1392820-82-4 C29H44O4Si2
    (4S,6S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-(2-((tertbutyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,2'-dimethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuryl-5,5'-dione 94521-46-7 C10H14O4
    2,2'-dimethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuryl-5,5'-dione