内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,3-Dichloro-2-fluorobutan-4-olide | 276252-84-7 | C4H3Cl2FO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3R)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate | 1566606-46-9 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-((R)-1-Hydroxy-pentyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 97039-77-5 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-5<i>t</i>-methyl-2-oxo-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-chroman-5<i>c</i>-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 100521-01-5 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | methyl (1S,2R,4R,5R)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate | 74320-45-9 | C9H11IO4 |
| —— | 3,4-Diethyl-4-butanolid | 36560-39-1 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 114577-87-6 | C9H13NO4 |
| —— | Carbonic acid (1S,2R,6R,8S,11R)-11-isopropenyl-6-methyl-5,10-dioxo-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.02,6]undec-2-yl ester methyl ester | 88558-74-1 | C16H20O6 |
| —— | 6-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1403244-51-8 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-vinyl-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 100612-98-4 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | <3R-<3α,5α(R<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-azidoethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone | 134922-56-8 | C15H25N3O2 |
| —— | <5S-(5α,6β),3(E)>-5-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>tetrahydro-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-ethylidene-2H-pyran-2-one | 134922-50-2 | C20H36O3Si |
| —— | 3-(3-phenyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 68975-17-7 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,6S,7S,9R,12S)-6-But-3-enyl-12-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1,2-dihydroxy-7,11,14,14-tetramethyl-9-triethylsilanyloxy-5-oxa-tricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-en-4-one | 153145-19-8 | C33H60O6Si2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-bis(2-methyl-2-propyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-30-5 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | 3,4-dihydroplaunol B | 69749-10-6 | C20H22O6 |
| —— | 3-methyl-7a-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-35-0 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (3S,5R,7S,9R)-6-iodo-3,5,7,9-tetramethylnonanolide | 130858-72-9 | C13H23IO2 |
| —— | 1403244-52-9 | C9H14O3 | |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-((S)-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tridec-12-yn-1-yl)-3-hexyloxetan-2-one | 1339201-85-2 | C28H52O3Si |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-2α,6α-dimethyl-1α-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexane-2β-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77044-64-5 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-3-iodo-1-oxo-2-([2'-trimethylsilylethoxy]methyl)cyclohexane-2,4-carbolactone | 796866-72-3 | C13H21IO4Si |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-Methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,5-dione | 124265-34-5 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β,14-dihydroxy-16,17-seco-23,24-dinor-14ξ-chola-5,20-diene-16,18-dioic acid-16-ethyl ester-18=>11-lactone | 124291-27-6 | C26H36O7 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-5,8-dihydroxy-cis-1,4,5,8,9,10-hexahydro-naphthalin-carbonsaeure-1,8-lacton | 93692-39-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6R,9S,10R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-hydroxy-9-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecan-2-one | 1609652-10-9 | C23H46O6Si |
| —— | cis-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,2-diphenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid lactone | 82323-36-2 | C19H18O2 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-4-<(R)-5-oxo-2,2,dimethyl-tetrahydrofuryl-(3)>-butyronitril | 92099-86-0 | C11H17NO2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,4'R)-4'-(1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]ene-2,3'-furan]-2-one | 1384477-60-4 | C21H34O3Si |
| —— | <3aS-(4S,5R,6S,6aR)>-5,6-Diacetoxyhexahydro-4-(dimethoxymethyl)-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 137792-75-7 | C14H20O8 |
| —— | (S)-(+)-χ-methoxycarbonylmethylbutanolide | 63432-23-5 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 2,4-Ethyliden-D-glucuron-dipropylmercaptal | 109067-61-0 | C14H24O5S2 |
| —— | (4S,5R,8R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-8-((S)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 161029-76-1 | C17H34O4Si |
| —— | (1R,4aR,8aS)-1-[(3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]oxy-6,7-dimethyl-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-isochromen-4-one | 138842-62-3 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | δ-Iod-α-propyl-γ-valerolacton | 1729-29-9 | C8H13IO2 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-6-phenethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 59958-93-9 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 4-oxa-3-oxo-spiro<6.2>nonanecarbonitrile | 144381-44-2 | C9H11NO2 |
| —— | 124920-94-1 | C9H13IO2 | |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-1-((S)-1-Phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 102302-81-8 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-ethenyl-5-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 1326453-79-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-6-methylenetetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1065513-97-4 | C12H22O3Si |
| —— | 1266341-45-0 | C9H15O8S2*Na | |
| —— | methyl 4,4-dimethyl 2-oxo-3-oxa-<3.1.0>-bicyclohexane-1-carboxylate | 13353-17-8 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (3aS,7S,7aR)-4-bromo-7-(trimethylsilyl)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 880145-40-4 | C11H17BrO2Si |
| —— | (2R,6S,6aS,7R,8aS,9R,11R,12aR,12bS,13S)-7,9-dihydroxy-6,11,12b,13-tetramethyl-4-oxotetradecahydro-2H-2,6-methanonaphtho[1,2-d]oxocine-13-carbaldehyde | 1144161-31-8 | C21H32O5 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4R)-2-(dec-9-en-1-yl)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1446490-34-1 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (1R,2S,4S)-3-Methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 125812-39-7 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (3aRS,4aSR,7aRS,8aSR)-2,2-Dimethyl-4a-phenylselenyl-1,3-dioxolo<4,5-f>perhydro-isobenzofuran-5-on | 139882-00-1 | C17H20O4Se |
| —— | 6-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxy-2-C,4-O-dimethyl-D-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone | 93286-44-3 | C8H13BrO3 |
| —— | (3S,6S)-tert-butyl 3-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) ethyl)-2-oxo-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 1453206-82-0 | C23H33NO6 |
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