摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

内酯类

内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物,通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

内酯的分类
  1. 按环大小划分:根据内酯环的大小,可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
  2. 按碳原子数划分:依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同,可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
结构特征
  • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
  • 在生物体内,某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化,在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
应用
  1. 医药领域:许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如,四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
  2. 工业化学:内酯作为重要的化工原料,在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
  3. 分析化学与生物传感器:利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测;通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
生物活性
  • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性,如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
  • 在细胞信号传导过程中,内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

总之,内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元,在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
—— (4<i>R</i>,2'a<i>S</i>)-2'a,5'a,7'<i>c</i>-trimethyl-(2'a<i>r</i>,5'a<i>t</i>,8'a<i>c</i>,8'b<i>c</i>)-octahydro-spiro[[1,3]dioxane-4,6'-naphtho[1,8-<i>bc</i>]furan]-2,6,2'-trione 109671-04-7 C17H22O6
—— (1S,4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-6-en-3-one 131898-32-3 C8H10O2
—— (4S,5R,6R)-7-tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy-4,6-bis(methoxymethoxy)heptan-5-olide 155343-77-4 C27H38O7Si
—— 5-(azido(phenyl)methyl)dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one 1379786-30-7 C11H11N3O2
—— (1S,3R,4R,5R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4,5-O-isopropylidenecyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone 1071583-11-3 C16H28O5Si
—— (3S,4R)-mevalonic-4-d acid lactone 61219-77-0 C6H10O3
—— (+/-)-(3α,5α,8S<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dibutyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione 94842-24-7 C15H24O4
—— <i>rac</i>-(20Ξ)-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-16-ethoxy-11β,14,20,21-tetrahydroxy-16,17-seco-23,24-dinor-14β-chol-5-en-15-yn-18-oic acid-11-lactone 124383-86-4 C26H36O8
—— (1R,6R,8S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17S)-15,16-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-9,13,17-trimethyl-5,18-dioxapentacyclo[12.5.0.01,6.02,17.08,13]nonadeca-2,9-dien-4-one 875917-81-0 C32H54O5Si2
—— 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-4,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-4,8a-ethenochromen-2-one 52065-10-8 C15H22O2
—— (3R,5S)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 103125-05-9 C29H44O5Si2
—— 3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1-iodoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 741671-71-6 C8H13IO4
—— 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (2S,3R,4R)-2-(dec-9-en-1-yl)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1446490-33-0 C21H38O4Si
—— 3,6,10,13-Tetraoxo-2,14,17,20,23-pentaoxa-tetraspiro<4.1.1.1.4.3.3.3>tetracosan 111798-30-2 C19H22O9
—— 5-Acetyl-2,4-benzyliden-D-glucuron-dipropylmercaptal 114493-05-9 C21H28O6S2
—— (1aR,3aS,6aR,6bR)-1a,6,6a,6b-Tetrahydro-1H,3aH-4-oxa-cyclopropa[e]inden-5-one 85317-00-6 C9H10O2
—— 3-Oxo-4-vinyl-4,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 83326-31-2 C12H14O4
—— 8-deacetylmatricarin-8-O-sulfate 1000815-80-4 C15H18O7S
—— (5S)-5-<(1S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-cyclohexylethyl>-4,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 133956-92-0 C19H33NO4
—— (+)-3,1'-epiinvictolide 87796-93-8 C12H22O2
—— 2,3-Anhydro-2-C-methyl-D-pentonolacton 53008-98-3 C6H8O4
—— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-(8-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-oxooctyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1352751-73-5 C27H52O5Si2
—— 4-azido-4-deoxy-D-rhamnono-1,5-lactone 172688-36-7 C6H9N3O4
—— 6-Formyl-7-methyl-9-oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]decane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester 59104-45-9 C13H16O5
—— 5-ethyl-2-oxo-3-(1-trimethylsilyloxy)ethenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran 444327-03-1 C11H20O3Si
—— (2R,4S,4aS,8aS)-methyl 5,8a-dimethyl-10-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-4a,2-(epoxymethano)naphthalene-4-carboxylate 137762-21-1 C15H20O4
—— (4S,5R)-5-Allyl-4-{(1R,2S)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-[(S)-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-pent-4-enyloxy}-dihydro-furan-2-one 911237-10-0 C27H52O5Si2
—— (1S,3R,6S,7S,9R,12S)-6-But-3-enyl-12-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-7,11,14,14-tetramethyl-9-triethylsilanyloxy-5-oxa-tricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-ene-2,4-dione 153221-23-9 C33H58O6Si2
—— (S)-6-(iodomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1370729-75-1 C6H9IO2
—— 6-Trimethylsilanyl-oxepan-2-one 75613-49-9 C9H18O2Si
—— 3-Oxo-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 102060-98-0 C13H16O6
—— 4-Hydroxy-2-benzyl-2-methyl-butyrolacton 31005-34-2 C12H14O3
—— glaucogenin D 110024-11-8 C21H28O6
—— 5-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-chloropropyl)-δ-valerolactone 1105107-70-7 C8H9ClF4O2
—— Acetic acid 6,12-diacetoxy-14-ethyl-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-2,10-dioxo-oxacyclotetradec-4-yl ester 22977-00-0 C27H44O9
—— (1R,5R,6R,7R,8S)-6,7-Epoxy-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one 1054637-20-5 C7H8O4
—— (2S,3R,4S)-2-((S)-1-Methoxymethoxy-pentyl)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbaldehyde 251950-98-8 C13H22O5
—— (3aR,7aR)-3a-hydroxy-7a-methyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,5-dione 1236161-74-2 C9H12O4
—— 83117-02-6 C33H58O7Si2
—— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-tetrahydro-3,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyranone 694440-11-4 C14H28O3Si
—— (3aR,4R,7aS)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-[(R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-butyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methylene-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one 76764-16-4 C27H50O5Si2
—— 6-Hydroxy-5-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one 61278-35-1 C10H12O4
—— (S)-2-{(2R,3S,5S)-3-[2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-5-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl}-propionic acid 82830-77-1 C27H36O5Si
—— 3-methyl-3-octyloxan-2-one 83558-44-5 C14H26O2
—— rac-(3aR,4R,7S,7aR)-8,8-dimethyl-4,7-dihydro-1H-4,7-methano-3a,7a-(methanooxymethano)indene-1,10-dione 121238-61-7 C14H14O3
—— (1S,2R,4S,4'R)-2'-oxo-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]-ene-2,3'-furan]-4'-carbaldehyde 1384477-56-8 C11H12O3
—— 145057-10-9 C18H26O4
—— (2S,4S,7R,8S,9S,11R)-8-Hydroxy-2,4,7,9,11-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxa-cyclododecane-6,12-dione 92737-85-4 C15H26O5
—— 3-Methyl-but-2-enoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester 79902-53-7 C24H34O5
—— 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-diethoxyphosphoryl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1037575-46-4 C14H18BrO5P