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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-63-6 C45H58O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hexylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-38-4 C12H20O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hexylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one 261357-13-5 C40H50O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-20-8 C20H36O4
    (Z)-5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-phenylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-91-0 C14H16O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-phenylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-butylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-36-2 C10H16O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-butylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-decylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-27-1 C48H64O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-decylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone 172843-25-3 C20H36O4
    (E)-5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-71-6 C47H62O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enylidene]oxolan-2-one 261357-30-6 C15H24O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-[4-methyl-3-(methylethyl)pent-2-enylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-67-0 C46H60O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(2-phenylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-80-7 C46H52O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(2-phenylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-hexylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-26-0 C44H56O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-hexylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-76-1 C45H50O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-butylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-24-8 C42H52O4Si2
    (E)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-butylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-decylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-39-5 C16H28O4
    (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-decylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-82-9 C13H22O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one 261357-34-0 C8H12O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-ethylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-65-8 C45H58O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-87-4 C14H24O4
    (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-octylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-84-1 C13H22O4
    (Z)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-heptylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-90-9 C13H14O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-decylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 261357-40-8 C16H28O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(1-decylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 897397-88-5 C15H26O4
    (E)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-nonylidene-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(methylethylidene)-4,4-dihydrofuran-2-one 528881-73-4 C41H50O4Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(methylethylidene)-4,4-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyoctyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one 897397-59-0 C46H62O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyoctyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 528881-75-6 C9H14O4
    5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylethylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one 897397-61-4 C45H52O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxyhexyl)oxolan-2-one 261357-15-7 C44H58O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(hydroxyhexyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one 897397-58-9 C45H60O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— ent-13α-Hydroxy-17-nor-13,16-seco-kauran-16,19-dioic Saeure 16->13 lacton-19-methylester 30195-80-3 C20H30O4
    ent-13α-Hydroxy-17-nor-13,16-seco-kauran-16,19-dioic Saeure 16->13 lacton-19-methylester
    —— γ-(n-Decyl)-γ-valerolacton 21034-33-3 C15H28O2
    γ-(n-Decyl)-γ-valerolacton
    —— 5-cyclohexyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 88699-99-4 C11H18O2
    5-cyclohexyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonitrile 408534-76-9 C6H7NO2
    2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonitrile
    —— methyl (4-methylidene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate 1091593-72-4 C8H10O4
    methyl (4-methylidene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate
    —— 3-Mercapto-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 118534-89-7 C5H8O2S
    3-Mercapto-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 86266-60-6 C6H10O3
    5-Methoxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-[5-chloropent-2-enyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 319493-44-2 C10H15ClO2
    5-[5-chloropent-2-enyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-cyclopent-1-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 96232-72-3 C9H12O2
    5-cyclopent-1-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2aβ,3α,5aα,8aβ,8bβ)-2a,3,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-Octahydro-3-hydroxy-6,6,8b-trimethyl-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one 118798-18-8 C14H20O3
    (2aβ,3α,5aα,8aβ,8bβ)-2a,3,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-Octahydro-3-hydroxy-6,6,8b-trimethyl-2H-naphtho<1,8-bc>furan-2-one
    —— (2aR,8aS,8bR)-3,6,6,8b-Tetramethyl-2a,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (2aR,8aS,8bR)-3,6,6,8b-Tetramethyl-2a,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one
    —— (8aS,8bS)-3,6,6,8b-Tetramethyl-4,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one —— C15H20O2
    (8aS,8bS)-3,6,6,8b-Tetramethyl-4,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl (1S)-3-methyl-1-[(2R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]butylcarbamate 527676-98-8 C15H27NO4
    tert-butyl (1S)-3-methyl-1-[(2R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furanyl]butylcarbamate
    —— β-Hydroxy-adipinsaeurelacton-ethylester 13038-14-7 C8H12O4
    β-Hydroxy-adipinsaeurelacton-ethylester
    —— 2-(3-chloropropyl)hexahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-4(2H)-one 1438081-44-7 C10H16ClNO2
    2-(3-chloropropyl)hexahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-4(2H)-one
    —— (4S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 132895-33-1 C22H28O4Si
    (4S,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one 132895-31-9 C22H28O4Si
    (4R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 4-phenyl-6-methylenetetrahydro-2-pyranone 92912-02-2 C12H12O2
    4-phenyl-6-methylenetetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— 4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2(3H)-one 1547-45-1 C5H5F3O2
    4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-Methyl-3-methylene-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 95905-13-8 C11H18O2
    4-Methyl-3-methylene-5-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one