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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Oxo-7-[1,3,3-tris(6-carboxy-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)-1,3-bis[(6-carboxy-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)oxy]-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl]oxepane-3-carboxylic acid —— C47H60O28
    2-Oxo-7-[1,3,3-tris(6-carboxy-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)-1,3-bis[(6-carboxy-7-oxooxepan-2-yl)oxy]-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl]oxepane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R)-2-[(2S,3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]propanamide —— C10H17NO3
    (2R)-2-[(2S,3S)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-oxooxetan-2-yl]propanamide
    —— 12-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-11-hydroxy-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C19H28N2O6
    12-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-11-hydroxy-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— 3-Chloro-6-[3-(cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl]-6-cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione —— C19H27ClO3
    3-Chloro-6-[3-(cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl]-6-cyclopentyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-5-[(2-sulfanylethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H11NO5S
    3,5-Dihydroxy-5-[(2-sulfanylethylamino)methyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl]-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one —— C12H20O5
    (3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enyl]-3-methoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxyoxepane-2,7-dione —— C6H8O4
    3-Hydroxyoxepane-2,7-dione
    —— 5-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one —— C17H28O6S2
    5-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(6-oxooxan-3-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)ethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H13NO5S
    3-Hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-sulfanylethylamino)ethyl]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-2-dodecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C18H32O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-2-dodecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-4-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C18H32O3
    3-Tert-butyl-4-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— [(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]ethyl] hydrogen sulfate —— C6H8O9S
    [(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(2R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dioxooxolan-2-yl]ethyl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— (4R,7S)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-(phenylmethoxyamino)-3,4,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,6-dione —— C21H29NO5Si
    (4R,7S)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-(phenylmethoxyamino)-3,4,7,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2,6-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-6-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (4R,6R)-6-but-2-enyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 8-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione —— C21H28O4
    8-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C20H29BrO2
    (4R,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)carbamate;N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide —— C30H48N4O18
    ethyl N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)carbamate;N-(2-methoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide
    —— [(7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,5,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C29H46O6Si
    [(7R,8S)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,5,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 2-[4-Hydroxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-methylpentylcarbamothioylamino)pentan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid —— C20H36N2O5S
    2-[4-Hydroxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-methylpentylcarbamothioylamino)pentan-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C18H18O11S2
    Ethyl 3-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonyl)-2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfonylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 11-Hydroxy-8-methyl-12-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-3-(2-methylpropylsulfanylmethyl)-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C23H34O6S2
    11-Hydroxy-8-methyl-12-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-3-(2-methylpropylsulfanylmethyl)-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-1(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— Ethyl 3-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-2-(2-methylpropylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C16H26O5S2
    Ethyl 3-(2-methylpropylsulfanyl)-2-(2-methylpropylsulfanylmethyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-5-methylhexa-3,5-dien-2-yl]oxan-2-one —— C20H36O3Si
    (3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(2S)-5-methylhexa-3,5-dien-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— S-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] methanethioate —— C5H6O3S
    S-[(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] methanethioate
    —— Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxylate 52417-17-1 C11H15NaO4
    Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxylate
    —— γ,γ-Nonamethylenparaconsaeure 15210-24-9 C16H26O4
    γ,γ-Nonamethylenparaconsaeure
    —— Sodium 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.11)hexadecane-4-carboxylate 52417-18-2 C16H25NaO4
    Sodium 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.11)hexadecane-4-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-4-ethyl-5-methyloxan-2-one —— C11H21NO2
    5-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-4-ethyl-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— Sodium 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxylate 51706-66-2 C10H13NaO4
    Sodium 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro(4.5)decane-4-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride —— C13H26BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one;tritium monohydride
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C13H24BO4P3
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(E,3S)-3-phosphanyloxyhex-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-[2,2-Dimethylpropyl(diphenyl)-lambda4-sulfanyl]oxyoxolan-2-one —— C21H26O3S
    3-[2,2-Dimethylpropyl(diphenyl)-lambda4-sulfanyl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C22H40O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S,6R)-5,6-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    (3S,4R,5S,6R)-5,6-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 6-Hydroxyoxane-2,4-dione —— C5H6O4
    6-Hydroxyoxane-2,4-dione
    —— 9-Methyl-5-methylidene-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-6(10)-en-2-one —— C11H14O2
    9-Methyl-5-methylidene-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-6(10)-en-2-one
    —— (5,7-Diethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-6-yl) 2-tert-butyl-4,4-dimethylpentanoate —— C21H36O4
    (5,7-Diethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-6-yl) 2-tert-butyl-4,4-dimethylpentanoate
    —— (8-Methoxy-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;[8-(methylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C35H53NO12S
    (8-Methoxy-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;[8-(methylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O6
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadecanoyloxepan-2-one —— C22H40O3
    3-Hexadecanoyloxepan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H25BO4P2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethylideneoxetan-2-one —— C5H6O2
    3-Ethylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— Methyl 5-cyclohexyl-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H16O5
    Methyl 5-cyclohexyl-2,4-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(3R,4S)-4-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,4-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(3R,4S)-4-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,4-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-naphthalen-2-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C14H16O2
    3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— 10-Methoxyoxecan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    10-Methoxyoxecan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5-((methylsulfinyl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H10O3S
    4,5-Dihydro-5-((methylsulfinyl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C14H18O3
    3-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-6-propyloxane-2,3-dione —— C8H12O5
    4,5-Dihydroxy-6-propyloxane-2,3-dione
    —— 5-Pyrrolidin-1-yloxolan-2-one —— C8H13NO2
    5-Pyrrolidin-1-yloxolan-2-one