内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyloctadecyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 1254332-57-4 | C24H46O4 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid allylamide | 69336-96-5 | C8H11NO3 |
| —— | 676245-61-7 | C35H35NO7S | |
| —— | (4R,5S,Z)-4-hydroxy-3-(iodomethylene)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1417335-36-4 | C6H7IO3 |
| —— | 3-(bromomethyl)-5,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 154750-20-6 | C7H11BrO2 |
| —— | diethyl (3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-yl)phosphonate | 1380610-78-5 | C12H19O5P |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 179685-90-6 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | (5R)-((1'S)-acetoxy-3'-methylbutyl)-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 828263-34-9 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | 3-oxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>4,10</sup>>decan-2-one | 83732-19-8 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 1402922-02-4 | C10H16O2 | |
| —— | (2S,6S,7S,9S,15R)-15-Allyl-15-methyl-2,9-diphenyl-1,8,13,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecan-14-one | 220690-97-1 | C28H32O5 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-ethyl-5-(iodoxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1257872-64-2 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | (6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methylbutyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 950479-09-1 | C17H34O4Si |
| —— | 1322574-75-3 | C25H34O3Si | |
| —— | 3-Iodo-2a,3,3a,5a,6,6a,6b,6c-octahydro-1-oxa-dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalen-2-one | 51149-59-8 | C11H11IO2 |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-[(1E)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-4-heptyloxan-2-one | 107364-92-1 | C16H26O2 |
| —— | [(2S,3R,4S)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-90-7 | C27H36O5Si |
| —— | (1S,6S,8S,21S)-2,5,7,7,22,22-hexamethyl-11,18-dioxa-3,4-diazatricyclo[19.1.1.1(6,8)]tetracosa-2,4-dien-12,17-dione | 1322695-27-1 | C26H42N2O4 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-Isopropenyl-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 145105-28-8 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (2R,4S)-4-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonitrile | 122693-56-5 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5S)-(E)-4,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyloct-6-enoic acid lactone | 141858-91-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (3E,11E)-5,5,13,13-Tetrakis-ethylsulfanyl-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadeca-3,11-diene-2,10-dione | 87921-25-3 | C22H36O4S4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R,7R,8S)-6,7,8-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 142129-52-0 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,6S,7R)-2-Benzyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 87604-07-7 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,6S)-4-Oxo-5-phenyl-3,7-dioxa-tricyclo[4.3.0.02,5]non-8-ene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 115410-93-0 | C15H12O5 |
| —— | 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-8-oxo-9-oxabicyclo-<4.3.0>-nonane | 90695-12-8 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 3S,5R-5-(N-t-butoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 147093-48-9 | C11H19NO4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-hydroxy-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1383844-12-9 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | niobyl arsenate*γ-butyrolactone | 749863-34-1 | AsO4*C4H6O2*NbO |
| —— | 3-(3'-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1'-octenyl)-γ-valerolactone | 64244-44-6 | C19H36O3Si |
| —— | 2,6-Bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,5-carbonato-D-galactono-1,4-lacton | 78283-83-7 | C19H36O7Si2 |
| —— | hexahydro-4,7-etheno-benzofuran-2-one | 54566-22-2 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | Tetrahydro-6,6-dipentyl-2H-pyran-2-on | 115407-69-7 | C15H28O2 |
| —— | 3-butyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 24474-40-6 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 2,3,11,13-Diepoxyhelenalin | 41945-42-0 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-9-<(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-6-methylene-3aα,4β,5,6,6α,7,8,9α,9aα,9bα-decahydroazuleno<4.5-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 105620-00-6 | C17H26O6 |
| —— | 1393087-03-0 | C17H20O4 | |
| —— | 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2,3-dione | 727665-72-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3R)-(3α,4α,4aβ,5β,6α)-N-<3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-5,6,8-tris-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-4-yl>acetamide | 128625-80-9 | C18H29NO9 |
| —— | 8-Desoxylactucin-acetat | 65725-09-9 | C17H18O5 |
| —— | rac-2-((1R,5S)-7-oxo-6-oxaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-3-en-1-yl)acetaldehyde | 86534-69-2 | C12H14O5 |
| —— | 1-[3-Chloro-4-((Z)-1-chloro-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 64356-89-4 | C14H14Cl2O5 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-tris(methoxymethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1057402-36-4 | C11H20O8 |
| —— | cis-1-allyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decane | 121756-33-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | rel-(1S,4R,5R,8S)-4-cyano-8-methyl-9-oxatricyclo<6.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undecan-10-one | 99310-28-8 | C12H15NO2 |
| —— | (3aS,8bR)-3a-Ethyl-6,8b-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 138629-71-7 | C18H22O4 |
| —— | [(2S,3R)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-84-9 | C24H30O5Si |
| —— | (4S,5R,Z)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(iodomethylene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1417335-34-2 | C7H9IO3 |
| —— | 7-(Iodomethyl)-6-oxaspiro[3.4]octan-5-one | 2901100-07-8 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | (1S,3aS,5S,6S,6aR)-methyl 6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-1-((E)-hept-1-enyl)-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylate | 1040742-50-4 | C33H44O6Si |
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