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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aR,3bS,4aR,5aS,6S,8aS,8bR)-3b,6-Dimethyl-1-methylene-decahydro-4,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]cyclopropa[g]azulen-7-one 219825-00-0 C15H20O3
    (3aR,3bS,4aR,5aS,6S,8aS,8bR)-3b,6-Dimethyl-1-methylene-decahydro-4,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]cyclopropa[g]azulen-7-one
    —— (3S,3aS,9aS,9bS)-3,6-Dimethyl-9-methylene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 90807-54-8 C15H20O2
    (3S,3aS,9aS,9bS)-3,6-Dimethyl-9-methylene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-2-n-Butyl-γ-butyrolactone 55232-24-1 C8H14O2
    (R)-(-)-2-n-Butyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-(+)-2-Allyl-γ-butyrolactone 73746-64-2 C7H10O2
    (S)-(+)-2-Allyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-3-Propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 103411-93-4 C7H12O2
    (S)-3-Propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-2-n-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone 55232-22-9 C7H12O2
    (R)-(-)-2-n-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (R)-(-)-2-Allyl-γ-butyrolactone 55232-23-0 C7H10O2
    (R)-(-)-2-Allyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4(S)-methoxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone 137008-48-1 C5H8O3
    4(S)-methoxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aS,4S,5R,10aS,E)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7-methyl-4((R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3,3a,4,5,6,9,10,10-octahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]furan-1-one 1163725-02-7 C26H46O3Si
    (3aS,4S,5R,10aS,E)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7-methyl-4((R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3,3a,4,5,6,9,10,10-octahydro-1H-cyclonona[c]furan-1-one
    —— (3aS,6aR)-1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxo-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carbonitrile 101046-04-2 C10H13NO2
    (3aS,6aR)-1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxo-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carbonitrile
    —— (+)-(R)-5-ethyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 60686-65-9 C7H12O2
    (+)-(R)-5-ethyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-[(1R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 359849-29-9 C26H36O4Si
    (3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-[(1R)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3,3,4,4-tetradeuteriumtetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1202227-65-3 C5H8O2
    3,3,4,4-tetradeuteriumtetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5,5'-(Propane-1,3-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one) 57899-38-4 C13H16O4
    5,5'-(Propane-1,3-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one)
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-3-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylate 1373610-45-7 C14H14O4
    ethyl (2R,3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxo-3-phenyloxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— 4-Butyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 127501-08-0 C14H18O2
    4-Butyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-[(E)-(4R,5S)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-methyl-hex-2-enyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 286413-95-4 C38H80O6Si4
    (3R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-[(E)-(4R,5S)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-methyl-hex-2-enyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-<2-(2-bicyclo<2.2.2>oct-2-yl-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl>tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one 123185-36-4 C20H29NO3
    6-<2-(2-bicyclo<2.2.2>oct-2-yl-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl>tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-yl-5-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 123185-35-3 C20H27NO3
    (4R,6R)-6-[2-(2-Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-yl-5-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5,5'-(Pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one) 57899-40-8 C15H20O4
    5,5'-(Pentane-1,5-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one)
    —— (5R,6S)-5,6-Dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 105835-11-8 C9H14O2
    (5R,6S)-5,6-Dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 7-Deacetylepoxyisogedunin 57899-41-9 C16H22O4
    7-Deacetylepoxyisogedunin
    —— 5,5'-(Butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one) 57899-39-5 C14H18O4
    5,5'-(Butane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-methylideneoxolan-2-one)
    —— (3R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 243464-43-9 C22H28O4Si
    (3R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R,5S,1'R)-dihydro-3,4-dihyroxy-5-(1'-hydroxyethyl)furan-2(3H)-one —— C6H10O5
    (+/-)-(3R,4R,5S,1'R)-dihydro-3,4-dihyroxy-5-(1'-hydroxyethyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (±)-(S)-4-[(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]dihydro-4-hydroxyfuran-2(3H)-one 207846-01-3 C5H8O4
    (±)-(S)-4-[(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]dihydro-4-hydroxyfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 925221-96-1 C9H14O4
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-5-(1,1-Dimethyl-allyl)-3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 925221-95-0 C13H22O6
    (3S,4R,5S)-5-(1,1-Dimethyl-allyl)-3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— α-(cyclohex-1-enyl)-γ-butyrolactone 32591-07-4 C10H14O2
    α-(cyclohex-1-enyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 'α'-D-Isosaccharinsaeure-1,4-lacton 7388-79-6 C6H10O5
    'α'-D-Isosaccharinsaeure-1,4-lacton
    —— 12-oxoisoxazolo[4,5-b]olean-9(11)-en-28,13β-olide 1309943-43-8 C31H41NO4
    12-oxoisoxazolo[4,5-b]olean-9(11)-en-28,13β-olide
    —— 8-(R,S)-hexyloxocan-2-one 104514-60-5 C13H24O2
    8-(R,S)-hexyloxocan-2-one
    —— 3,3,4,4,5,5-hexamethylitetrahydropyran-2,6-dione 115942-54-6 C11H18O3
    3,3,4,4,5,5-hexamethylitetrahydropyran-2,6-dione
    —— 4'-Methylspiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one> 135684-12-7 C10H12O2
    4'-Methylspiro<bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-ene-2,3'-oxetan-2'-one>
    —— cis-3-Oxycyclopentyl-essigsaeure-lacton 1004-20-2 C7H10O2
    cis-3-Oxycyclopentyl-essigsaeure-lacton
    —— 3-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 149577-64-0 C13H14IN3O2
    3-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— 3-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-methylidenetetrahydro-2-pyranone 149577-63-9 C13H15N3O2
    3-(4-guanidinophenyl)-6-methylidenetetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— α-propenylidene-γ-butyrolactone 115524-56-6 C7H8O2
    α-propenylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-5-hexyldihydro- 62527-58-6 C13H23NO2
    2(3H)-Furanone, 3-[(dimethylamino)methylene]-5-hexyldihydro-
    —— (6R)-6-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one 854493-98-4 C14H28O3Si
    (6R)-6-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(bromomethyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1379657-95-0 C10H15BrO2
    3-(bromomethyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 83191-83-7 C6H7F3O3
    4-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,5R)-4-Vinyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 225218-63-3 C7H8O2
    (1S,4R,5R)-4-Vinyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-methyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate 154492-32-7 C9H12O4
    ethyl 2-methyl-4-methylidene-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— (+)-ethyl 2-methyl-4-methylene-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate 314264-82-9 C9H12O4
    (+)-ethyl 2-methyl-4-methylene-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylate
    —— 3-[3-Trimethylsilanyl-prop-2-yn-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 274902-13-5 C10H14O2Si
    3-[3-Trimethylsilanyl-prop-2-yn-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1160281-49-1 C17H16O2
    (3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-ethyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1160281-47-9 C12H14O2
    (3R,5S)-3-ethyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-((3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetonitrile 1160281-48-0 C12H11NO2
    2-((3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetonitrile
    —— (3R,5S)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1160281-51-5 C14H16O2
    (3R,5S)-3-(but-3-enyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one