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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3E,5S)-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]imino-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 204511-99-9 C20H28N2O3
    (3E,5S)-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]imino-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,5R)-5-butyl-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]iminooxolan-2-one 204511-75-1 C18H32N2O3
    (3E,5R)-5-butyl-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]iminooxolan-2-one
    —— (S,R)-(+)-N-[2-(1-ethyl-1-methoxypropyl)pyrrolidine]-3-imino-5-methyl-dihydro-2-furanone 235765-40-9 C15H26N2O3
    (S,R)-(+)-N-[2-(1-ethyl-1-methoxypropyl)pyrrolidine]-3-imino-5-methyl-dihydro-2-furanone
    —— (3E,5R)-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]imino-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one 204511-95-5 C18H32N2O3
    (3E,5R)-3-[(2S)-2-(3-methoxypentan-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]imino-5-(2-methylpropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,8S,10Z)-(-)-8-(2-Pentenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-on 54595-10-7 C12H18O2
    (1R,5R,8S,10Z)-(-)-8-(2-Pentenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-on
    —— 2-[(1R,5R,8S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]acetaldehyde 128777-71-9 C9H12O3
    2-[(1R,5R,8S)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]acetaldehyde
    —— (1S,2R,8R)-8-(2-trans-pentenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one 137431-74-4 C12H18O2
    (1S,2R,8R)-8-(2-trans-pentenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one
    —— (1S,5S,8R)-8-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 53403-88-6 C12H18O2
    (1S,5S,8R)-8-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 36717-62-1 C7H8O5
    2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— arborescin 953419-70-0 C14H18O3
    arborescin
    —— 4(R),5(S),8(S)-4-hydroxy-8-{2-[3-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2(S),3(R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl]-1(S)-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl}-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one 133473-06-0 C19H32O6
    4(R),5(S),8(S)-4-hydroxy-8-{2-[3-((S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-2(S),3(R)-2-methyl-oxiranyl]-1(S)-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl}-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one
    —— 3-[(4E)-3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyhepta-4,6-dienyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 815579-60-3 C27H34O4Si
    3-[(4E)-3-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyhepta-4,6-dienyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [(2S,4aR,4bR,6aS,8S,10aR,10bR,12aR)-1,1,4a,10a,10b-pentamethyl-2',7-dioxospiro[2,3,4,4b,5,6,6a,9,10,11,12,12a-dodecahydrochrysene-8,4'-oxolane]-2-yl] acetate 154955-60-9 C28H42O5
    [(2S,4aR,4bR,6aS,8S,10aR,10bR,12aR)-1,1,4a,10a,10b-pentamethyl-2',7-dioxospiro[2,3,4,4b,5,6,6a,9,10,11,12,12a-dodecahydrochrysene-8,4'-oxolane]-2-yl] acetate
    —— 3-acetoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 86241-56-7 C7H10O4
    3-acetoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-(+)-3-acetoxy-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 82242-81-7 C7H10O4
    (3S,5R)-(+)-3-acetoxy-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— anti-(3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 144789-81-1 C5H8O3
    anti-(3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— α-Ethyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton 66094-79-9 C8H14O2
    α-Ethyl-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (S)-6-(bromomethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1261280-18-5 C12H13BrO2
    (S)-6-(bromomethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-(bromomethyl)-6-(p-tolyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1261280-27-6 C13H15BrO2
    6-(bromomethyl)-6-(p-tolyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (+)-(R)-4-butyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 124094-63-9 C8H14O2
    (+)-(R)-4-butyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1aS,5aS,8aR,8bR)-1a,2,5a,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3,8,8,8b-tetramethyl-4H,6H-oxireno[4a,5]naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-4-one 347393-59-3 C15H20O3
    (1aS,5aS,8aR,8bR)-1a,2,5a,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3,8,8,8b-tetramethyl-4H,6H-oxireno[4a,5]naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-4-one
    —— (2aR,7aS,7bR)-5-methyl-3,4,6,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-2aH-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2-one 1123095-60-2 C11H14O2
    (2aR,7aS,7bR)-5-methyl-3,4,6,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-2aH-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2-one
    —— (S)-β-amino-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone hydrochloride 117752-86-0 C5H7NO2*ClH
    (S)-β-amino-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone hydrochloride
    —— 5-Butyl-3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one 62453-17-2 C11H20O2
    5-Butyl-3-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-6-propyloxan-2-one 62581-33-3 C10H18O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-6-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-3-methyl-6-propyloxan-2-one 62453-18-3 C11H20O2
    3-Ethyl-3-methyl-6-propyloxan-2-one
    —— 7-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-oxepan-2-one 64767-64-2 C9H16O3
    7-(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxan-2-one 62453-15-0 C9H16O2
    6-Ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 40923-61-3 C10H18O2
    5-methyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 1,4-Oxathiepan-2-one 4385-34-6 C5H8O2S
    1,4-Oxathiepan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-3-Isopropyl-1-oxaspiro<3.5>nonan-2-one 131436-02-7 C11H18O2
    (+/-)-3-Isopropyl-1-oxaspiro<3.5>nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,12R)-5,9,9,12-tetramethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-4,7-dien-3-one 489412-99-9 C15H20O2
    (1R,12R)-5,9,9,12-tetramethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-4,7-dien-3-one
    —— 3-(Phenylmethylene)-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione 30030-96-7 C11H8O3
    3-(Phenylmethylene)-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione
    —— (6S,10R)-6-hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one 212267-34-0 C12H22O3
    (6S,10R)-6-hydroxy-10-propyloxecan-2-one
    —— (R)-5-(2-propyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 204707-11-9 C7H12O2
    (R)-5-(2-propyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one 66262-00-8 C10H14O3
    5-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,8-Dimethyl-3,8-diphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione 89536-32-3 C21H20O4
    3,8-Dimethyl-3,8-diphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-(4-hydroxybutyl)oxetan-2-one 143677-74-1 C13H24O3
    (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-(4-hydroxybutyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— trans-dihydro-3-chloro-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone 67107-95-3 C12H21ClO2
    trans-dihydro-3-chloro-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-5-dodecen-4-olide 862852-65-1 C12H20O2
    (E)-5-dodecen-4-olide
    —— (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-bromo-2-cyclohexylethyl]-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one 118832-53-4 C15H25BrO2
    (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-bromo-2-cyclohexylethyl]-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Bromo-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-propan-2-yloxan-2-one 118832-55-6 C15H25BrO2
    5-Bromo-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— 5(R)-bromo-6-cyclohexyl-2(S)-isopropyl-4(S)-hexanolide 118041-14-8 C15H25BrO2
    5(R)-bromo-6-cyclohexyl-2(S)-isopropyl-4(S)-hexanolide
    —— cis-3-Chlorodihydro-5-octylfuran-2(3H)-one 67107-94-2 C12H21ClO2
    cis-3-Chlorodihydro-5-octylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-10-dodecen-4-olide 1286701-17-4 C12H20O2
    (Z)-10-dodecen-4-olide
    —— 2-Oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid 65652-05-3 C10H14O4
    2-Oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (Z)-11-tetradecen-4-olide 1286701-20-9 C14H24O2
    (Z)-11-tetradecen-4-olide
    —— (1'S,3R,5S)-5-(1'-azido-3'-methylbutyl)-3-benzyldihydrofuran-2-one 196706-13-5 C16H21N3O2
    (1'S,3R,5S)-5-(1'-azido-3'-methylbutyl)-3-benzyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1'R,3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-(1'-bromo-3'-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 196706-12-4 C16H21BrO2
    (1'R,3R,5S)-3-benzyl-5-(1'-bromo-3'-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,2'S,4'R)-5-[1-(4'-benzyl-5'-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2'-yl)-3-methylbutyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 196706-14-6 C21H31NO4
    (1S,2'S,4'R)-5-[1-(4'-benzyl-5'-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2'-yl)-3-methylbutyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester