内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propenyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 139301-74-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-3,3-bis-phenylselanyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 85570-69-0 | C19H20O2Se2 |
| —— | 4α-carboxy-12α,13α-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone | 1168152-26-8 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | 3-benzylidenamino-3-(α-hydroxy-benzyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 101734-28-5 | C18H17NO3 |
| —— | β-Isobutyl-β-methyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid | 341010-63-7 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 1187941-34-9 | C16H20O3 | |
| —— | 3-Chloro-2-fluorobut-2-en-4-olide | 276252-85-8 | C4H2ClFO2 |
| —— | N-methoxycarbonyl-(3,4-epoxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)glycine lactone | 120346-13-6 | C10H13NO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-1α,2α-Methylen-3β,5β-epoxy-8β-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,8,9α,10α-octahydro-naphthoesaeure-1β-lacton | 94919-00-3 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-4a(S)-hydroxy-5(S)-chloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a(S)-decahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 125206-24-8 | C31H55ClO6Si |
| —— | 2α,3β,23-triacetoxy-6ξ-chloro-5,13-dihydroxy-5ξ,18α-oleanan-28-oic acid-13-lactone | 125543-10-4 | C36H53ClO9 |
| —— | 5-(1,2-dihydroxy-propyl)-3-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 936620-24-5 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | 3-(3-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)propionyl)-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione | 119351-26-7 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | 5-exo-bromo-7-anti-trimethylsilylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2,6-carbolactone | 71899-91-7 | C11H17BrO2Si |
| —— | 7-hydroxy-10β-hydroxymethyl-1β,8α-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77912-19-7 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | rac-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-14,16-dioxo-14,15-seco-androst-5-en-18-oic acid-lactone | 113185-05-0 | C21H26O6 |
| —— | <5S-(5α,6β),3(Z)>-5-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>tetrahydro-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-ethylidene-2H-pyran-2-one | 134922-54-6 | C20H36O3Si |
| —— | 3(R)-hydroxymethyl-4(R)-pentyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 163857-16-7 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aS)-3-Methoxymethyl-4-octyl-furo<3,4-b>furandion-(2,6) | 93155-36-3 | C16H26O5 |
| —— | 5-(4-chlorophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-52-7 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-carboxylic acid, tetrahydro-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-, methylester, trans- | 81165-19-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (4-methylene-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) triethylammonium salt | 1048350-99-7 | C5H8O8P2*C6H15N |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3,3,6-trimethyl-5-heptensaeure-δ-lacton | 1703-81-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3<i>endo</i>,6<i>exo</i>-dihydroxy-7<i>exo</i>-methoxy-8-methyl-nortropanium-8<i>anti</i>-yl)-acetic acid-6-lactone; iodide | 111163-87-2 | C11H18NO4*I |
| —— | 4-(n-butyloxymethyl)-2-propiolactone | 666234-89-5 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-6-(methoxymethoxy)-5-heptanolide | 642454-74-8 | C25H34O5Si |
| —— | 7-cyclohexyl-3-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 131591-75-8 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | 1H-Cyclopent[c]oxepin-1-one, octahydro-7-methylene-, (5aR,8aS)-rel- | 2180931-04-6 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2β-acetoxy-4a-hydroxy-1β,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-4aα,7α-gibbane-1α,10β-dicarboxylic acid-1-lactone | 111979-30-7 | C21H26O7 |
| —— | (3aS,6R,6aR)-3a-hydroxy-6-propyltetrahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1(3H)-one | 1186656-13-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S,8S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-8-[(E)-(1S,6S)-6-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1,3,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-oct-3-enyl]-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 180153-67-7 | C31H60O5Si2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-64-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 2',6':8',12'-exo,exo-dispiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4,10>dioxatetracyclo<5.5.2.02,6.08,12>tetradec-13'-ene-3',11'-dione-9',1''-cyclohexane> | 82639-72-3 | C22H28O4 |
| —— | (2S,6S)-6-Benzyl-2-methyl-[1,3]dioxepan-4-one | 133179-10-9 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (5S,5aS,8aR,8bR)-5a-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-5-phenyl-1,3,5,8,8a,8b-hexahydrofuro[3,4-e][1]benzofuran-7-one | 1211945-78-6 | C23H22O3S |
| —— | 3b,7,7-Trimethyl-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzen-2-one | 86787-27-1 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,7aR)-1,1,4-Trimethyl-3-oxo-1,7a-dihydro-isobenzofuran-3a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 82268-17-5 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5R)-4-bromo-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-5-carbaldehyde | 137776-64-8 | C9H9BrO3 |
| —— | 3R,5R-5-mesyloxymethyl-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 147093-42-3 | C7H12O5S |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5R,6aR)-4-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethoxy)-5-methyl-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 832078-88-3 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-Allyl-3-ethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75652-67-4 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (Z)-(5R,11S)-5-Methoxymethoxy-11-{(R)-3-methoxymethoxy-3-[(2R,5R)-5-((S)-1-methoxymethoxy-pentadecyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-propyl}-oxacycloundec-8-en-2-one | 865091-45-8 | C38H70O9 |
| —— | 1-(4-nonyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 52179-84-7 | C18H31NO3 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dimethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-71-1 | C8H8F6O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aR)-6a-Isopropyl-4-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 95836-31-0 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S)-3-(1-Carboxy-vinyl)-2-hydroxy-dodecanolid-(4) | 92861-10-4 | C15H24O5 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-phenylethyl]-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl methanesulfonate | 1418193-75-5 | C15H20O8S |
| —— | t-spiro<2-methylcyclopentane-1,1'-bicyclo<3.2.0>heptan>-3'-one | 123872-36-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-Methyl-3-((E)-(R)-1-methyl-hept-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 97277-08-2 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5R,6S)-3-Oxo-5-phenyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 102267-33-4 | C14H14O4 |
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