内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-D-allono-1,4-lactone | 73890-79-6 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | Z-α-benzylidene-β-benzyl-γ-butyrolactone | 137197-18-3 | C18H16O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7S,11R)-9-Oxo-8-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undecane-11-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 54857-50-0 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,8S,10R,14S,16S,19R)-8-hydroxy-19-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-6-en-2-yl]-5,9,9,14-tetramethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.01,14.04,13.05,10]nonadec-12-en-18-one | 97715-97-4 | C30H46O4 |
| —— | (+)-latifolic acid | 50460-79-2 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | Tetrahydro-(3,3'-bifuran)-5,5'-(2H,2H')-dion | 1505-85-7 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(Methoxycarbonylmethylen)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-61-4 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 5(S)-[1(S)-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-phenylethyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 220588-83-0 | C18H28O3Si |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-propyloxan-2-one | 83558-40-1 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-5N,6O-oxomethylidenenojirimycin | 260790-66-7 | C15H19NO10 |
| —— | t-butyl N-<(5'-oxotetrahydrofuran-2'-yl)methyl>carbamate | 87443-72-9 | C10H17NO4 |
| —— | 3,3,6a-trimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyrazol-6-one | 16860-48-3 | C8H12N2O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-Tricholomalide A | 647851-57-8 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | 6β-(3-hydroxyprop-1-yl)-1α-<(methoxymethyl)oxy>-1,2,3,4,4aβ,5,6,8aα-octahydronaphthalene-5β-carboxylic acid ε-lactone | 83220-65-9 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | 58648-46-7 | C15H22O6 | |
| —— | (S)-6-[(1S,2R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-trimethylsilanyloxy-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 88235-47-6 | C17H36O4Si2 |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethyl]-3,3-dimethyloxan-2-one | 1186291-36-0 | C16H32O5Si |
| —— | (3E,3aα,6aα)-hexahydro-3-(1-iodo-2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 136021-04-0 | C12H17IO2 |
| —— | 83044-39-7 | C14H18O3 | |
| —— | (4R)-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyloxan-2-one | 1048016-47-2 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 16β-tetrahydrogibberellate diacetate | 959395-36-9 | C23H30O8 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4S,6aR)-5-acetoxymethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-ylmethyl ester | 94707-68-3 | C13H16O6 |
| —— | methyl 2-tert-butyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate | 89450-56-6 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 57199-68-5 | C12H13IO4 | |
| —— | 5-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-4-C-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dideoxy-D-glycero-pentono-1,4-lactone | 688329-94-4 | C13H26O4Si |
| —— | 11,11-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-thioxo-1,9-dioxa-4,6-dithia-cyclododecane-2,8-dione | 114329-99-6 | C10H14O6S3 |
| —— | 4,4-diisopropyl-2-methyl-butyrolactone | 243982-97-0 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | 4-(3-hydroxypentan-3-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1393937-75-1 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 3-(4-i-propyl-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furyl-3-carbonyl)-4-isopropyl-oxazolidin-2-one | 852487-37-7 | C20H25NO5 |
| —— | 2H-Naphtho(2,1-c)pyran-4,7-dione, 2-(3-furanyl)-1,4a,5,6,6a,10,10a,10b-octahydro-8-hydroxy-6a,10b-dimethyl-, (2S,4aR,6aR,10aS,10bS)- | 1268452-63-6 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260148-59-1 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | (5Z,10Z)-(3aR,4R,7S,9S,11aR)-4,7,9-Trihydroxy-3-methoxymethyl-6,10-dimethyl-3a,4,7,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one | 33853-85-9 | C16H24O6 |
| —— | (1S,9R)-11-Methylene-13-oxa-tricyclo[7.3.2.02,8]tetradec-2(8)-en-14-one | 118496-30-3 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 5-Oxo-2,2-diphenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonyl chloride | 175292-47-4 | C17H13ClO3 |
| —— | 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-<(butylimino)methylen>-furan | 52217-13-7 | C9H13NO2 |
| —— | syn-3,5-Bis<α-(exo-methoxy)-ethyl>-1,1'':2,1'-cyclopentandicarbolacton | 59543-19-0 | C13H18O6 |
| —— | (R)-5-[(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-hydroxy-hexyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 159955-44-9 | C16H32O4Si |
| —— | 3,3-Dichlor-4-chlormethyl-4-methyl-2-oxetanon | 34499-08-6 | C5H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | 3-<3β-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5β,17β-dihydroxyandrosta-6,11-dien-17α-yl>propionic acid γ-lactone | 101479-97-4 | C28H44O4Si |
| —— | 2-(bromomethyl)-2-tert-butyl-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-one | 143669-11-8 | C10H17BrO3 |
| —— | 6-[3-(2-Oxo-cyclopentyl)-propyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 54623-45-9 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | 4-(1,1-Dimethyl-allyl)-3-ethyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one | 52267-00-2 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S,6S,7R)-6,7-(carbonyldioxy)-1-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 214259-45-7 | C14H18O7 |
| —— | γ-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-ε-caprolactone | 1441062-01-6 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethoxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-on | 59664-80-1 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | cis-(-)-(3S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxo-3-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid | 1155859-89-4 | C12H12O4 |
| —— | (1R)-1,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>octane-2,4-dione | 118139-29-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (1'RS,2'E,3RS)-3-<1'-(methylsulfonyl)oct-2'-enyl>butan-4-olide | 119038-41-4 | C13H22O4S |
| —— | (3aRS,5SR,6SR,7aSR)-5,6-dihydroxy-perhydro-isobenzofuranon | 124804-04-2 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-((E)-3-((3aS,7aS)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxidooctahydrobenzo[d][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-2-yl)allyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1141365-37-8 | C16H27N2O3P |
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