内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (6R)-6-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-ethyl]-5,5-dimethyldihydropyran-2,4-dione | 1174504-26-7 | C25H32O4Si |
|
| —— | 4-(chloromethyl)oxetane-2-one | —— | C4H5ClO2 |
|
| —— | rac-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one | 1142950-59-1 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | Spongialactone A | 120030-04-8 | C20H26O5 |
|
| —— | 5-((t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 114142-19-7 | C21H26O3Si |
|
| —— | (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-hexahydro-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 879880-46-3 | C15H28O4Si |
|
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 178740-14-2 | C8H14O3 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 178627-94-6 | C8H14O3 |
|
| —— | 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-bromo-7-phenyl-5-heptanolide | 69172-22-1 | C14H17BrO3 |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,9-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-7,9b-dimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104265-16-9 | C14H16O3 |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-4,7,9b-trimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9aalpha,9balpha)- | 104265-17-0 | C15H18O3 |
|
| —— | 4-n-dodecyl-5-methyl-7-trimethylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-74-7 | C22H40O2Si |
|
| —— | 4-n-dodecyl-5-methyl-7-triisopropylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-81-6 | C28H52O2Si |
|
| —— | 4-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 110801-55-3 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 4-n-dodecyl-5-methyl-7-triisopropylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-82-7 | C28H52O2Si |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9-methoxy-9b-(methoxymethyl)-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104199-23-7 | C15H18O5 |
|
| —— | 4-n-dodecyl-5-methyl-7-trimethylsislyl-cis-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1372629-73-6 | C22H40O2Si |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9-methoxy-9b-methyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104199-21-5 | C14H16O4 |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9-methoxy-9b-(methoymethyl)-4,7-dimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104199-05-5 | C16H20O4 |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9-methoxy-9b-(methoxymethyl)-4-methyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104199-24-8 | C16H20O5 |
|
| —— | Naphtho(1,8-bc)pyran-2,7-dione, 3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-9-methoxy-4,9b-dimethyl-, (3aalpha,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)- | 104199-22-6 | C15H18O4 |
|
| —— | methylidene mevalonolactone | 886986-69-2 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | 2-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-buttersaeurelacton | 1804-29-1 | C17H16O2 |
|
| —— | (4S. 5R)-4-Amino-5-ethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 410079-22-0 | C6H11NO3 |
|
| —— | spiro[4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[c]furan-3,1'-cyclopentane]-1-one | 145967-34-6 | C11H16O2 |
|
| —— | (3aalpha,4alpha,4aalpha,8aalpha,9abeta)-(-)-8a-Ethenyloctahydro-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(methyl ene)-2H-furo(3,2-g)(2)benzopyran-2,6(3H)-dione | 20107-26-0 | C15H16O5 |
|
| —— | 4-trimethylsilylmethyl butyrolactone | 94319-37-6 | C8H16O2Si |
|
| —— | (S)-7-methyloctalactone | 126372-24-5 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | 4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[2-(8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 94667-54-6 | C25H42O4Si |
|
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-4-[(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl]-5-fluorohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 208114-21-0 | C24H29FO3Si |
|
| —— | 2-acetyl-(2'-pentyl)-4-methylbutyrolactone | 105705-08-6 | C12H20O3 |
|
| —— | 2-acetil-2-cloro-4-valerolattone | 57160-20-0 | C7H9ClO3 |
|
| —— | (1R,6S,7R,8S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-6,7-dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-4-ene-3,10-dione | 1395878-65-5 | C14H18O4 |
|
| —— | (1R,6S,7R,8S)-6-[(methoxymethoxy)methyl]-6,7-dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodec-4-ene-3,10-dione | 1395878-64-4 | C16H22O5 |
|
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-[2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 215317-62-7 | C25H34O3Si |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-<(2-hydroxy-2-methyl)-1-hydroxyprop-1-yl>-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone | 91179-56-5 | C10H16O3 |
|
| —— | (3R,4'S)-(-)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4'-methylhexanoyl)-4-butanolide | 122922-48-9 | C12H20O4 |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-<(2-β-methoxyethoxymethoxy-2-methyl)-1-hydroxyprop-1-yl>-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone | 127681-69-0 | C14H24O5 |
|
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone | 127851-86-9 | C10H14O2 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S,4'S,5'R,2'E)-2-(4',5'-epoxyhexen)oyl-2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide | 797050-27-2 | C17H28O6Si |
|
| —— | (2R,3S,4'S,5'R,2'E)-2-(4',5'-epoxyhexen)oyl-2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-butanolide | 797050-02-3 | C17H28O6Si |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo(5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>)-8-decen-3-one | 115237-16-6 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,6S,7R,8S)-65-hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo(6.2.1.0<sup>2.7</sup>)-9-undecen-3-one | 141985-62-8 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | (2R,5S,6S)-5-methoxymethyl-4-oxa-endo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>dec-8-en-3-one | 111533-93-8 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | (1R,2S,5S,6R,7R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo(5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>)-8-decen-3-one | 142758-01-8 | C10H12O3 |
|
| —— | 3-but-3-enylspirocyclohexl-1,5'-butyrolactone | 142636-41-7 | C13H20O2 |
|
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 817623-02-2 | C5H7BrO3 |
|
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-azidomethyl-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2-one | 1429476-58-3 | C5H7N3O3 |
|
| —— | 5α-hydroxyaplysistatin | 1206799-14-5 | C15H21BrO4 |
|
| —— | 6-<(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl>-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 219779-41-6 | C10H16O4 |
|
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