内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-Ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-methylendinitril | 82698-95-1 | C10H10N2O2 |
| —— | (3aS,8S,8bR)-3-hydroxymethylene-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 251116-03-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 4-(cyclohexylethynyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one | 1257518-23-2 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | (5,5-dimethyl-8-oxo)-3,4-dithia-7-oxabicyclo[4,2,1]nonane | 152072-19-0 | C8H12O2S2 |
| —— | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 86554-49-6 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxo-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-3a-carboxylic acid | 101046-13-3 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-Ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 40710-00-7 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-1-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 40587-57-3 | C10H14O2S2 |
| —— | 6(E)-(3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyrone | 105239-37-0 | C11H16O2Si |
| —— | α-Propoxy-butanolid-1,4 | 25600-54-8 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 84736-13-0 | C16H28O6Si | |
| —— | 3-Cyclohexyliminomethylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 52217-15-9 | C11H15NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-Tricholomalide B | 647851-58-9 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-(3a-methyl-2-oxo-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-4<i>c</i>-yl)-glutaric acid | 100619-94-1 | C13H18O6 |
| —— | 4-Benzyl-3-[1-tributylstannanyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 130190-20-4 | C24H38O2Sn |
| —— | 57199-45-8 | C13H16O4S | |
| —— | 5-(3-Bromopropyl)-5-pentanolide | 54623-44-8 | C8H13BrO2 |
| —— | α-Methyl-8,δ-cycloheptano-δ-valerolacton | 774-46-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2-dimethyl-2-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 106659-17-0 | C14H24O3Si |
| —— | (3S<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,7S<sup>*</sup>)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methylnonanoic acid δ-lactone | 113778-54-4 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,6R,7S,9S)-7-Methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 57199-47-0 | C12H16O4S |
| —— | 3-(3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-67-6 | C21H32O3S2Si |
| —— | (-)-(5R)-dihydro-5-<(6'R,7'R)-4',5',6',7'-tetrahydro-6',7'-dimethylspiro<1,3-dithiolane-2,1'-indan>-7'-yl>-2(3H)-furanone | 99464-04-7 | C17H24O2S2 |
| —— | 4-Isopropyl-6,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 59056-32-5 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-ethyldihydro-5-((R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl)-5-methylfuran-2(3H)-one | 1180517-17-2 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | [(1S,5S,6R,7S,8S,11R,13R)-7-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-7,8-dihydroxy-11,15,18,18-tetramethyl-3,12,16-trioxo-2,4-dioxatetracyclo[12.3.1.01,5.06,11]octadec-14-en-13-yl] acetate | 214192-68-4 | C29H44O10Si |
| —— | (2RS,1'RS)-3-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)dihydro-1(2H)-furanone | 85100-10-3 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-((E)-3-Oxo-oct-1-enyl)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 43209-34-3 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-Isopropyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-2-one | 38136-35-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide | 55558-11-7 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | 3-(2'-t-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)-6-(1'-trimethylsilylmethylvinyl)-2(3H)-dihydropyranone | 123453-85-0 | C19H38O3Si2 |
| —— | ((Z)-5-Hept-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 56407-88-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,7aS)-4-Hydroxy-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 54911-63-6 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3,5-dimethyl-5-acetonyltetrahydrofuran | 90612-47-8 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | β-Vinyl-γ-methyl-γ-valerolacton | 53627-37-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2-oxo-hexahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[cd]inden-2a-ylmethyl ester | 54312-15-1 | C10H14O5S |
| —— | (αR,5S,6S)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-6-difluoromethyl-5-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5,6-dihydro-4-pyridone | 161665-04-9 | C20H29F2NO2Si |
| —— | (E)-3-(Methoxycarbonylmethylen)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 86453-62-5 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | L-digitalonic acid-4-lactone | 1195641-57-6 | C7H12O5 |
| —— | 5-(but-3-enyl)-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 952680-12-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4a,6,8a-trimethyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,5-(3H)-dione | 93350-31-3 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-(S)-3-Hydroxy-oct-1-enyl)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 64626-06-8 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | (-)-dihydro-allo-pertusaric acid | 101899-63-2 | C21H36O5 |
| —— | 2,4-dimethyl-2-propyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 99181-68-7 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-7-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-2-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-1-one | 172536-20-8 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-[(1S)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one | 918419-50-8 | C11H19NO8 |
| —— | 3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuran-1-one-2,2',3,4,5,5'-d6 | 146668-81-7 | C17H36O4Si2 |
| —— | 3H,4H-3a,8b-Methano-1H-indeno[4,5-c]furan-3-one,1-(acetyloxy)-4-(dimethoxymethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-7,7-dimethyl- | 61013-72-7 | C19H26O6 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,6R,7S,9S)-2-Chloro-7-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid | 57199-30-1 | C10H11ClO4 |
| —— | 52592-50-4 | C22H30O7 |
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