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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (8alpha,10beta,11beta)-3-Hydroxy-4,15-dinor-1(5)-xanthen-12,8-olide 342372-61-6 C13H20O3
    (8alpha,10beta,11beta)-3-Hydroxy-4,15-dinor-1(5)-xanthen-12,8-olide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C14H20O3
    4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-6-(12-phenyldodec-10-enyl)oxan-2-one —— C25H38O3
    4-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-6-(12-phenyldodec-10-enyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3'-Hydroxy-3-methylspiro[4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-ene-7,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione —— C13H16O6
    3'-Hydroxy-3-methylspiro[4,11-dioxabicyclo[8.1.0]undec-8-ene-7,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione
    —— (2-Formyl-12-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]trideca-2,6-dien-4-yl) hexanoate —— C21H26O6
    (2-Formyl-12-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]trideca-2,6-dien-4-yl) hexanoate
    —— 12-Hydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-3,6-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.02,4.05,9]tetradecan-7-one —— C15H20O4
    12-Hydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-3,6-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.02,4.05,9]tetradecan-7-one
    —— 3-Dodec-11-enylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C17H28O3
    3-Dodec-11-enylidene-5-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-(14-methylpentadecylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C22H40O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-(14-methylpentadecylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Ethyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    5-Ethyl-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— Morindacin —— C10H14O5
    Morindacin
    —— 3,7-dimethyl-3a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,6-dione —— C11H14O3
    3,7-dimethyl-3a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 7,8-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-9-ene-2,11-dione —— C12H16O5
    7,8-Dihydroxy-3,9-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-9-ene-2,11-dione
    —— 3'-(furan-3-yl)-4'-methylidenespiro[3,3a,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,5'-3H-2-benzofuran]-1,1'-dione —— C20H16O5
    3'-(furan-3-yl)-4'-methylidenespiro[3,3a,5,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,5'-3H-2-benzofuran]-1,1'-dione
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxan-2-one —— C12H20O3
    5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxan-2-one
    —— [3-(Hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] acetate —— C21H30O6
    [3-(Hydroxymethyl)-8-[2-(4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl)ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] acetate
    —— 12,17-Dihydroxy-8,12,17,21,25-pentamethyl-6,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13.9.2.01,16.02,14.04,13.05,9.020,24]hexacosa-3,25-diene-7,22-dione —— C29H38O6
    12,17-Dihydroxy-8,12,17,21,25-pentamethyl-6,23-dioxaheptacyclo[13.9.2.01,16.02,14.04,13.05,9.020,24]hexacosa-3,25-diene-7,22-dione
    —— 6-(3-Hydroxybutyl)-3,7-dimethylidene-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    6-(3-Hydroxybutyl)-3,7-dimethylidene-3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 10,11,20-Trimethyl-2,4,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.5.2.03,7.010,19.016,20]icosa-5,7-dien-15-one —— C20H26O4
    10,11,20-Trimethyl-2,4,14-trioxapentacyclo[11.5.2.03,7.010,19.016,20]icosa-5,7-dien-15-one
    —— 3,6-Dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O2
    3,6-Dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O5
    3,5-Dihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 14-Hydroxy-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradec-11-en-5-one —— C15H20O4
    14-Hydroxy-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradec-11-en-5-one
    —— 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-1'-propan-2-yl-6a-prop-1-enylspiro[4,5,7,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-8,4'-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]-2,3'-dione —— C25H34O4
    6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-1'-propan-2-yl-6a-prop-1-enylspiro[4,5,7,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-8,4'-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]-2,3'-dione
    —— 3-(Furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione —— C20H22O7
    3-(Furan-3-yl)-6,12,16-trimethyl-2,8,14,17-tetraoxapentacyclo[7.6.1.13,9.01,12.05,16]heptadecane-7,13-dione
    —— 5,14-Dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradecane-4,12-dione —— C15H20O4
    5,14-Dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.02,6]tetradecane-4,12-dione
    —— Pinnatolide —— C11H16O3
    Pinnatolide
    —— (3,4,5,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-6,8-dihydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C38H52O19
    (3,4,5,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-6,8-dihydroxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (2-Formyl-12-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]trideca-2,6-dien-4-yl) octanoate —— C23H30O6
    (2-Formyl-12-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]trideca-2,6-dien-4-yl) octanoate
    —— carolic acid 22981-79-9 C9H10O4
    carolic acid
    —— Dihydro-5-(5-tetradecenyl)-2-(3h)-furanone 59303-50-3 C18H32O2
    Dihydro-5-(5-tetradecenyl)-2-(3h)-furanone
    —— 5-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,5a,6,7,8b-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one —— C14H20O3
    5-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,5a,6,7,8b-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2-one
    —— N-(6,13-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl)acetamide —— C23H33NO3
    N-(6,13-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl)acetamide
    —— [7-Methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3-oxo-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-9-yl] acetate —— C22H32O4
    [7-Methyl-10-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3-oxo-1,5,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]furan-9-yl] acetate
    —— 7,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one —— C13H16O4
    7,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-12-oxatetracyclo[8.3.0.01,3.04,8]tridec-9-en-13-one
    —— (12-Hydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-7-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate —— C17H26O5
    (12-Hydroxy-2,2,4,9-tetramethyl-7-oxo-6-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-11-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C18H28O4
    4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 1,4,4,8-Tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,5]undecan-9-one —— C14H22O2
    1,4,4,8-Tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.02,5]undecan-9-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-nonyloxan-2-one —— C14H26O4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-6-nonyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-(2,3-Dihydroxybutylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O5
    3-(2,3-Dihydroxybutylidene)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C20H30O3
    3-[2-(5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 3,11-dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylate —— C20H24O6
    Methyl 3,11-dihydroxy-10-methyl-4-methylidene-15-oxo-14-oxapentacyclo[8.3.2.22,5.01,9.02,7]heptadec-6-ene-8-carboxylate
    —— (14,15-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) acetate —— C22H34O7
    (14,15-Dihydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-9-oxo-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadecan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-5-pentadec-11-enyloxolan-2-one —— C21H38O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-5-pentadec-11-enyloxolan-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,7-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecan-8-one —— C20H28O6
    2-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,7-trimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,6]undecan-8-one
    —— 5-(2,4-Diethyloct-1-enyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C18H32O3
    5-(2,4-Diethyloct-1-enyl)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 14-(4-Hydroperoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one —— C20H28O5
    14-(4-Hydroperoxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4-methyl-9-methylidene-5,12-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-11-one
    —— 5-Heptacosyloxolan-2-one —— C31H60O2
    5-Heptacosyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-hexadecoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C23H41O6P
    3-hexadecoxy-5-methyl-3-oxo-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— [3-Methyl-5-(1,5,6-trimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-7-en-6-yl)pentyl] acetate —— C22H34O4
    [3-Methyl-5-(1,5,6-trimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-7-en-6-yl)pentyl] acetate
    —— Methyl 3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate —— C21H24O5
    Methyl 3-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-10-methylidene-1-oxo-3,4,5,11,12,12a-hexahydrocyclodeca[c]pyran-9-carboxylate
    —— 3,3,6-trimethylspiro[3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene-2,3'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C15H22O2
    3,3,6-trimethylspiro[3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene-2,3'-oxolane]-2'-one