内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (S)-6-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1402559-66-3 | C9H15BrO2 |
| —— | 1427029-75-1 | C12H16O5 | |
| —— | 1427029-73-9 | C12H16O5 | |
| —— | (1R,5R)-3-deuterio-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one | 115093-79-3 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | ((1R,3aS,3bR,6aS,6bR)-6b-methyl-3-oxooctahydrospiro[cyclopenta[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2-c]furan-4,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-1-yl)methyl pivalate | 162238-43-9 | C18H26O6 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5S)-4-Methylsulfanyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-7-one | 105679-10-5 | C9H14O2S |
| —— | 3-methyl-4-(2-pentyl)butyrolactone | 1460240-43-0 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | 2,5-Dibromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-arabinono-γ-lactone | 78138-88-2 | C5H6Br2O3 |
| —— | (Z)-17-carboxygibberelin A<sub>4</sub> dimethyl ester | 129839-81-2 | C22H28O7 |
| —— | 69749-06-0 | C20H18O6 | |
| —— | 1192815-64-7 | C14H28O3Si | |
| —— | 2,4,4-Trimethyl-parpconsaeure | 90482-54-5 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 1,3-Dimethylcyclopropanedicarboxylic anhydride | 80483-83-6 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 3α,5α-dihydroxy-2β-<3α-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-trans-1-octenyl>-1α-cyclopentaneacetic acid γ-lactone 3-(tetrahydropyranyl ether) | 101249-03-0 | C36H50O5Si |
| —— | (3S,4S,4aS,6S,7R,8R,8aS)-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-3,4a,6,8-tetramethylpyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2(3H)-one | 1039034-22-4 | C14H22O6 |
| —— | 71425-70-2 | C17H28O3S2Si | |
| —— | 6-(bromomethyl)-4,6-diphenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1433223-48-3 | C18H17BrO2 |
| —— | (S)-4-((1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyloxy)-10-oxa-bicyclo[6.3.2]trideca-1(11),8,12-triene-12,13-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 108235-43-4 | C28H36O9 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-5(E)-(1-iodoethylidene)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 79054-05-0 | C12H11IO2 |
| —— | 1402922-16-0 | C13H18O2 | |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100066-93-1 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | rel-(1S,5S)-1-(3-cyanopropyl)-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-7-one | 99310-27-7 | C12H15NO2 |
| —— | 4-chloro-1,2-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 79743-58-1 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | 7,8-[(2)H2]-δ-octalactone | 1082582-24-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R)-2-oxa-3-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-acetic acid | 802911-63-3 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aS)-3,3-Dichloro-6-trimethylsilanyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 63319-64-2 | C10H14Cl2O2Si |
| —— | 5,5,9-trimethyl-2-(3'-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-2-one | 112894-96-9 | C17H31NO2 |
| —— | (S)-3-(1-amino)ethylidene-5-methyl-furan-2,4-dione | 127420-59-1 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | 3-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 208048-93-5 | C11H21NO2 |
| —— | Camphansaeure-<2-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohexyl>ester | 108886-20-0 | C23H34O6 |
| —— | 4-(3-amino-acetonyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one; hydrochloride | 51240-50-7 | C7H11NO3*ClH |
| —— | (cyclopentenyl-1')-4a hexahydro-1,3,4,4a,5,6 cyclopenta<c>pyrannone-1 | 92898-44-7 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3-chlorocarbonyl-4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)butanolide | 121289-67-6 | C12H8ClF3O3 |
| —— | 3-O-acetyl-5-bromo-2,5-dideoxy-D-threo-pentono-1,4-lactone | 78139-01-2 | C7H9BrO4 |
| —— | (3S,6R)-6-<<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 130258-54-7 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-3,3,6,7-tetramethyl-1-oxo-hexahydro-isochroman-8-carboxylic acid | 100874-32-6 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | N-[(S)-2'-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-1'-propyl]-5-oxo-(S)-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxamide | 959833-71-7 | C13H22N2O5 |
| —— | isocoronarin D | 138965-88-5 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | 5-Oxo-2-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 18363-01-4 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-5,6-dimethyloxepan-2-one | 1041325-20-5 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 80388-63-2 | C15H20O4 | |
| —— | α-Thiopropionyl-γ-butyrolacton | 26792-30-3 | C7H10O2S |
| —— | (3a'S,4'R,6'R,10'S,11a'R)-6',10'-dimethyl-2',5,7'-trioxo-3a',4,4',5,5',6',7',10',11',11a'-decahydro-2'H,3H-spiro[furan-2,3'-[6,9]epoxycyclodeca[b]furan]-4'-yl isobutyrate | 75197-74-9 | C21H26O8 |
| —— | trans-α-Propyl-paraconsaeure | 98558-97-5 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2-but-3-en-2-yl-N,N-diethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide | 110794-72-4 | C14H23NO3 |
| —— | ((1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl)-L-glycine-2-d | 88315-13-3 | C12H17NO5 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6S,7R,8R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 158469-39-7 | C16H30O6Si |
| —— | (1R*,2S*,3S*,5R*,6R*)-tert-butyldimethyl<(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-1-cyclohexyl)oxy>silane | 103383-25-1 | C20H42O4Si2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxymethylenepentan-5-olide | 122456-52-4 | C6H8O3 |
| —— | L-<i>lyxo</i>-2-deoxy-hexonic acid-4-lactone | 151670-07-4 | C6H10O5 |
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