内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-Benzyliden-D-glucuron-dibenzylmercaptal | 118927-58-5 | C27H26O5S2 |
| —— | (R)-6-(iodomethyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1370729-62-6 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | 5-((1S,3aR,3bR,6S,8aR,10aR)-6-Hydroxy-3a,3b,8a-trimethyl-hexadecahydro-dicyclopenta[a,f]naphthalen-1-yl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103034-67-9 | C24H38O3 |
| —— | cis-α-Propyl-paraconsaeure-ethylester | 99182-16-8 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 6,6,7a-trimethyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2,4-dione | 56671-88-6 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-(+)-fluoromevalonolactone | 119066-08-9 | C6H9FO3 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2-carbomethoxybutane-1,3-diol cyclic carbonate | 107441-55-4 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-(phenylselanyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1112053-69-6 | C16H20O2Se |
| —— | 3,3-diethyl-5-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 185907-47-5 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | 6-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 1030371-58-4 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | 3-allyl-3-ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 50994-92-8 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (2R,2'R,5'R)-5'-((S)-1-Methoxymethoxy-pentadecyl)-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one | 865091-38-9 | C25H46O5 |
| —— | Tubin | 97407-66-4 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 77197-79-6 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,3R,6S,7R,10S)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-oxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,3.03,7]pentadecan-12-one | 1418284-69-1 | C21H36O4Si |
| —— | 134639-26-2 | C15H21NO2 | |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-(Bis-ethylsulfanylcarbonyl-methyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 81415-44-3 | C16H24O6S2 |
| —— | 6-(1-Iodo-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-one | 121681-52-5 | C10H13IN2O2 |
| —— | Methyl 4-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-3-carboxylate | 76311-86-9 | C9H10O6 |
| —— | 8-t-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4,5]decane-2-one | 74603-48-8 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | 6-(iodomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 87761-92-0 | C6H9IO2 |
| —— | 92231-50-0 | C20H26O5 | |
| —— | (+)-11α-carboxy-4β,5α,6βH-tetrahydrosantonin | 74524-14-4 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | 5-Isopropyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 121925-64-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3-ethylidene-5-propyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 134642-15-2 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 11-oxo-12-oxa<4.4.3>propella-3,8-diene | 14679-43-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxan-2-one | 123776-27-2 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 3,11-Dioxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecane-9-carboxylic acid | 95174-31-5 | C11H12O5 |
| —— | 6-(1-Acetamidominoethyl)-4,4-pentamethylen-tetrahydropyran-2-on | 92331-47-0 | C14H23NO3 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 10263-80-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 3β-acetoxy-22-methylen-21-oxo-18α,19βH-ursan-28,10β-olide | 139255-76-8 | C33H48O5 |
| —— | 5-ethoxy-4-propyloxolan-2-one | 78920-25-9 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-((1R,2R)-1-Benzyloxymethoxy-2-methyl-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 182247-54-7 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2-oxo-6-pentyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 91976-55-5 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-3-methyleneoxetan-2-one | 117203-16-4 | C5H6O2 |
| —— | 3-chloro-3-propan-2-yl-1-oxaspiro[3.14]octadecan-2-one | 138589-75-0 | C20H35ClO2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-((4R,8S,E)-8-hydroxy-4-((triethylsilyl)oxy)undeca-6,10-dien-1-yl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1458062-48-0 | C23H42O4Si |
| —— | <3R-(3β,5aβ,7aα,8α,11aβ,11bα)>-1,2,3,4,5a,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12-Dodecahydro-3,8,11a-trimethyl-4-oxo-2H-3,5a-methano-naphth<2,1-b>oxepin-8-carbonsaeure-methylester | 135042-59-0 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | (1R,6R,7R)-7-Trimethylsilanyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one | 145576-48-3 | C9H16O2Si |
| —— | 3,5-Bis-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-desoxy-patulinsaeurelacton | 98954-79-1 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | 95515-20-1 | C14H19IO3 | |
| —— | (3S,3aR,5aR,9aS,9bR)-3-Chloro-3a-hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-decahydro-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 131189-89-4 | C15H21ClO3 |
| —— | (2ξ,5α)-2,7'-dihydro-1'H-17a-oxa-17a-homo-androstano[3,2-c][1,2,6,7]tetrazecine-17,8',10'-trione | 16987-66-9 | C23H32N4O4 |
| —— | Isopsilostachyin | 3397-40-8 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 2-<3-Hydroxy-propyl>-butyrolacton | 24965-31-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 103125-04-8 | C29H44O4Si2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-3-Hydroxy-4-(2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 93550-74-4 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | 4-((Z)-1-Diethylamino-propenyl)-4-phenyl-2,2-bis-trifluoromethyl-[1,3]oxathiolan-5-one | 57750-17-1 | C18H19F6NO2S |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R)-4-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 111197-16-1 | C10H15NO6 |
| —— | 4S,5S-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-butyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 155720-23-3 | C9H16O3 |
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