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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6,6-Diethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on 102540-91-0 C9H16O2
    6,6-Diethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on
    —— 7-ethoxy-oxepan-2-one 170438-05-8 C8H14O3
    7-ethoxy-oxepan-2-one
    —— (-)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 112607-34-8 C11H12O2
    (-)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— hexahydro-4,7-etheno-isobenzofuran-1-one 6715-28-2 C10H12O2
    hexahydro-4,7-etheno-isobenzofuran-1-one
    —— 5-acetonyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 98272-52-7 C7H10O3
    5-acetonyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (R)-(+)-γ-nonalactone 63357-96-0 C9H16O2
    (R)-(+)-γ-nonalactone
    —— 4-heptylidene-3-hexyloxetane-2-one 55680-04-1 C16H28O2
    4-heptylidene-3-hexyloxetane-2-one
    —— 3-diaminomethylene-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 474095-32-4 C11H12N2O2
    3-diaminomethylene-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (+/-)-(3aR,5aS,6S,8aR,8bS)-6-ethyl-3,3a,5a,6,7,8a,8b-octahydro-1H-indeno<4,5-c>furan-1-one —— C13H18O2
    (+/-)-(3aR,5aS,6S,8aR,8bS)-6-ethyl-3,3a,5a,6,7,8a,8b-octahydro-1H-indeno<4,5-c>furan-1-one
    —— 3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 939760-77-7 C5H6F2O4
    3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Hydroxymethyl-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan-carbonsaeure-(2)-lacton 6715-19-1 C10H14O2
    3-Hydroxymethyl-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan-carbonsaeure-(2)-lacton
    —— (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate 1111644-64-4 C16H20O6
    (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,3aR,4S,7aS)-1,6,6-trimethyl-octahydro-inden-4-yl ester 163252-00-4 C22H34O4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,3aR,4S,7aS)-1,6,6-trimethyl-octahydro-inden-4-yl ester
    —— Tetrahydro-2α-methyl-6-oxo-4β-amino-2H-pyran-3α-carboxylic acid hydrochloride —— C7H11NO4*ClH
    Tetrahydro-2α-methyl-6-oxo-4β-amino-2H-pyran-3α-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— 2-methyl-2-phenyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride 2897-84-9 C12H12O3
    2-methyl-2-phenyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— 3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]glutaric anhydride 196491-68-6 C13H16O3Si
    3-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]glutaric anhydride
    —— 4-(1-Methylene-allyl)-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione 473396-23-5 C9H10O3
    4-(1-Methylene-allyl)-dihydro-pyran-2,6-dione
    —— (3S,5R)-dihydro-3-methyl-5-triisopropylsiloxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone 429621-14-7 C15H30O3Si
    (3S,5R)-dihydro-3-methyl-5-triisopropylsiloxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-6(E)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 136358-16-2 C8H11BrO2
    4,4-dimethyl-6(E)-(bromomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— (3Z)-3-[2-[(1R,2S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 115753-79-2 C20H30O3
    (3Z)-3-[2-[(1R,2S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-2,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 90534-32-0 C9H12O2
    7-methyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 4-phenyl-6(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone 96666-80-7 C12H11IO2
    4-phenyl-6(E)-(iodomethylidene)tetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— 6-Ethyl-5-methyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)oxan-2-one 105623-67-4 C12H21NO2
    6-Ethyl-5-methyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)oxan-2-one
    —— 1-Methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 82578-23-2 C6H8O2
    1-Methyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-deoxy-5-isobutenyl-D-ribonolactone 106051-51-8 C9H14O4
    5-deoxy-5-isobutenyl-D-ribonolactone
    —— 3-C-ethyl-5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone 121687-49-8 C23H30O3Si
    3-C-ethyl-5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone
    —— 3-Icosyl-4-henicosylidene-2-oxetanone 83708-14-9 C44H84O2
    3-Icosyl-4-henicosylidene-2-oxetanone
    —— dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione 152294-14-9 C5H6O4
    dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one 115047-71-7 C8H14O3
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 5745-61-9 C7H10O2
    hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-phenyl-4-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazole 28784-58-9 C11H9NO3
    3-phenyl-4-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazole
    —— (S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-non-8-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 512180-47-1 C14H24O3
    (S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-non-8-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-(2-furanyl)-2-methylenebutyrolactone 71741-42-9 C9H8O3
    4-(2-furanyl)-2-methylenebutyrolactone
    —— (5R)-5-hydroxy-eicosanoic acid δ-lactone 85535-63-3 C20H38O2
    (5R)-5-hydroxy-eicosanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-propenylcyclohexan-1-one 108165-00-0 C10H16O2
    6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-propenylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— 2-oxa-cis-bicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-one-6-exo-carbaldehyde —— C8H10O3
    2-oxa-cis-bicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-one-6-exo-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aR,3bS,6aS,7aS)-4-Hydroxy-6a-methoxy-octahydro-cyclopenta[1,2-b;3,4-c']difuran-2-one 104620-81-7 C10H14O5
    (3aR,3bS,6aS,7aS)-4-Hydroxy-6a-methoxy-octahydro-cyclopenta[1,2-b;3,4-c']difuran-2-one
    —— (+)-harzialactone A 203243-30-5 C11H12O3
    (+)-harzialactone A
    —— [(2R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxolan-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 263752-14-3 C12H18O5
    [(2R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]oxolan-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 174589-72-1 C21H38O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 57572-77-7 C9H16O3
    (3R,4S,5S)-3-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-pentyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride 56416-14-9 C10H16O3
    3-pentyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride
    —— 3-chloro-5-(3-chloro-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 855954-11-9 C7H10Cl2O2
    3-chloro-5-(3-chloro-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— octafluoro-hexanedioic acid anhydride 22636-86-8 C6F8O3
    octafluoro-hexanedioic acid anhydride
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde 174589-69-6 C14H24O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((Z)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 174589-71-0 C21H36O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-((Z)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyl-5-oxo-2-aethyl-tetrahydrofuran 52946-18-6 C7H12O2
    3-Methyl-5-oxo-2-aethyl-tetrahydrofuran
    —— (5R,4S)-5-ethyl-4-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one 77121-92-7 C7H12O2
    (5R,4S)-5-ethyl-4-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 49673-16-7 C15H20O3
    —— (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<(N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino>-3'-methylbutyl>-3-(2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 105018-80-2 C18H33NO4
    (3R,5S,1'S)-5-<1'-<(N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino>-3'-methylbutyl>-3-(2-methylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one