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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 9-tert-Butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-2,8-dione —— C13H16O3
    9-tert-Butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-2,8-dione
    —— Xylonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C14H32O5Si3
    Xylonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 3-Deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    3-Deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-erythro-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 4-Ethyl-4-heptanolide —— C9H16O2
    4-Ethyl-4-heptanolide
    —— [4,4,6,6,6-2H5]Mevalonic Acid Lactone —— C6H10O3
    [4,4,6,6,6-2H5]Mevalonic Acid Lactone
    —— 2C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)threonic acid lactone # 1, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    2C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)threonic acid lactone # 1, TMS
    —— 2C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)erithronic acid lactone # 1, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    2C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)erithronic acid lactone # 1, TMS
    —— 4-(cis-3-Hexenoxy)-gamma-valerolactone —— C11H18O3
    4-(cis-3-Hexenoxy)-gamma-valerolactone
    —— cis-2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-5-olide —— C9H16O2
    cis-2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-5-olide
    —— trans-2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-5-olide —— C9H16O2
    trans-2,6-Dimethyl-heptan-5-olide
    —— 4-(2-Phenylethoxy)-gamma-valerolactone —— C13H16O3
    4-(2-Phenylethoxy)-gamma-valerolactone
    —— Methylcamphonanate —— C10H14O4
    Methylcamphonanate
    —— 2-Methyloctan-4-olide, trans- 94319-39-8 C9H16O2
    2-Methyloctan-4-olide, trans-
    —— Mannonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone —— C18H42O6Si4
    Mannonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone
    —— D-Glucaric acid, 1,4-lactone —— C6H8O7
    D-Glucaric acid, 1,4-lactone
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O6
    3-Hydroxy-5-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Senkyunolide P —— C24H30O4
    Senkyunolide P
    —— 3-(Dimethylaminomethylidene)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C11H17NO2
    3-(Dimethylaminomethylidene)-3a-methyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-ium-5-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N2O2+
    3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-ium-5-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— Simvastatin, TMS derivative —— C28H46O5Si
    Simvastatin, TMS derivative
    —— 9,10-Di(methylthio) octa-decanolide —— C20H38O2S2
    9,10-Di(methylthio) octa-decanolide
    —— 13,15-Dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-5-methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadecan-18-one —— C21H30O6
    13,15-Dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-5-methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadecan-18-one
    —— trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methylundecanoic acid lactone —— C12H22O2
    trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methylundecanoic acid lactone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-heptyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H22O2
    (4R,5R)-5-heptyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-Chlorobut-2-ynyl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C14H17ClO4
    4-Chlorobut-2-ynyl 3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, benzyloxime (isomer 2) —— C22H39NO6Si3
    D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, benzyloxime (isomer 2)
    —— D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, benzyloxime (isomer 1) —— C22H39NO6Si3
    D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, benzyloxime (isomer 1)
    —— D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, methyloxime (anti) —— C16H35NO6Si3
    D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, tris(trimethylsilyl) ether, methyloxime (anti)
    —— dihydromahubenolide B 71325-93-4 C21H36O3
    dihydromahubenolide B
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, cis- —— C8H10O2
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, cis-
    —— 2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, 4,4-dimethyl-, cis- —— C10H14O2
    2-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-3-one, 4,4-dimethyl-, cis-
    —— (2-Oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl trifluoroacetate —— C7H7F3O4
    (2-Oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl trifluoroacetate
    —— 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-ethoxydihydro- —— C9H12O5
    2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-ethoxydihydro-
    —— 5-Benzylidene-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    5-Benzylidene-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 6-(3H-diazirine-3-carbonyl)-5-methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-15,18-dione —— C21H24N2O4
    6-(3H-diazirine-3-carbonyl)-5-methyl-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-15,18-dione
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H10O6
    (4S,5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— N-(1-adamantyl)-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide —— C19H26N2O3
    N-(1-adamantyl)-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetamide
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O6
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 5-Aminooxepan-2-one —— C6H11NO2
    5-Aminooxepan-2-one
    —— 5-Aminooxepan-2-one hydrochloride —— C6H12ClNO2
    5-Aminooxepan-2-one hydrochloride
    —— (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C17H28O4
    (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(4-hydroxyoxetan-2-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxetan-2-one —— C13H22O6S2
    4-[2-[1-Ethylsulfinyl-2-(4-hydroxyoxetan-2-yl)propyl]sulfinylethyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-1-carboxylate —— C14H18O4
    (4-Methyl-2-oxooxan-4-yl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-Butan-2-ylidene-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C11H16O2
    3-Butan-2-ylidene-4-propan-2-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C23H35BrO2
    (4S,5S)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-butyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (2,6-Dioxooxan-4-yl)-methyl-methylidenephosphanium —— C7H10O3P+
    (2,6-Dioxooxan-4-yl)-methyl-methylidenephosphanium
    —— 6-[2-(4-Oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C12H18O4
    6-[2-(4-Oxooxan-3-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— Ethane;3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H14O2
    Ethane;3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Hex-3-enyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    4-Hex-3-enyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— 11-Butyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.5.1.11,5]tetradecan-4-one —— C17H28O2
    11-Butyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.5.1.11,5]tetradecan-4-one