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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R*,R*)-2-<(2-ethylphenyl)hydroxymethyl>-6-hexanolide 139367-43-4 C15H20O3
    (R*,R*)-2-<(2-ethylphenyl)hydroxymethyl>-6-hexanolide
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid 263169-43-3 C6H5BrO4
    (1S,5R,6R)-1-bromo-4-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-phenylcyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-32-0 C25H40O4Si2
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-phenylcyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-(furan-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-89-7 C11H10O5
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-(furan-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-phenylcyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-64-8 C13H12O4
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-phenylcyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (1S, 2R, 4S, 5R)-2-bromo-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone 1206715-85-6 C19H35BrO5Si2
    (1S, 2R, 4S, 5R)-2-bromo-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-(thiophen-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-85-3 C11H10O4S
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-dihydroxy-5-(thiophen-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone 862791-56-8 C23H38O4SSi2
    (1R,3R,4R)-1,4-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)cyclohex-5-ene-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-((S)-1-Methoxymethoxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 185627-50-3 C9H16O4
    (4R,5R)-5-((S)-1-Methoxymethoxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-2-(but-3-enylidene)-4-butanolide 118891-10-4 C8H10O2
    (Z)-2-(but-3-enylidene)-4-butanolide
    —— (E)-2-(but-3-enylidene)-4-butanolide 118891-11-5 C8H10O2
    (E)-2-(but-3-enylidene)-4-butanolide
    —— 6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 850251-77-3 C13H16O3
    6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-but-3-enyl-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyoxolan-2-one 1110638-60-2 C24H30O3Si
    (4S,5S)-5-but-3-enyl-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (,Z,Z)-4-(Heptadec-8-enylidene)-3-(hexadec-7-enyl)oxetan-2-one 56000-16-9 C36H64O2
    (,Z,Z)-4-(Heptadec-8-enylidene)-3-(hexadec-7-enyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— epilitsenolide C<sub>1</sub> 111900-41-5 C19H34O3
    epilitsenolide C<sub>1</sub>
    —— (-)-dihydroprotolichesterinic acid 144356-39-8 C19H34O4
    (-)-dihydroprotolichesterinic acid
    —— 5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-[(E)-tetradecylidene]tetrahydro-2-furanone 1219016-23-5 C25H44O5
    5-(hydroxymethyl)-5-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-[(E)-tetradecylidene]tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (-)-nephromopsinic acid 133695-37-1 C19H34O4
    (-)-nephromopsinic acid
    —— 3-benzyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2-one 905842-21-9 C11H12O3
    3-benzyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,6S)-9-(Z-bromomethylene)-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-2-en-8-one 1358918-65-6 C10H11BrO2
    (1S,6S)-9-(Z-bromomethylene)-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]dec-2-en-8-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-cyclononan-carbonsaeure-(1)-lacton 3041-19-8 C10H16O2
    4-Hydroxy-cyclononan-carbonsaeure-(1)-lacton
    —— (1S,5S,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 158469-41-1 C16H30O5Si
    (1S,5S,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4-dione 158469-43-3 C16H28O6Si
    (1S,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 158469-42-2 C16H30O6Si
    (1S,4R,5R,6S,7R)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(dimethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1S,2S,5S,8R)-8,9-seco-8-hydroxy-2-methoxyclovane-9-lactone 1373165-09-3 C16H26O3
    (1S,2S,5S,8R)-8,9-seco-8-hydroxy-2-methoxyclovane-9-lactone
    —— rumphellclovane A 1229351-88-5 C15H24O3
    rumphellclovane A
    —— (+)-(6R,7S)-7-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]-undec-8-en-1-one 1350558-14-3 C16H28O3Si
    (+)-(6R,7S)-7-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-oxaspiro[5.5]-undec-8-en-1-one
    —— (+)-(6R,7S)-7-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-8-en-1-one 1350558-13-2 C10H14O3
    (+)-(6R,7S)-7-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[5.5]undec-8-en-1-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 783267-59-4 C16H29NO2
    (3R,5S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-3-isobutyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 205325-83-3 C9H16O3
    (3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-α-(2-methylphenyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone 958000-86-7 C15H16O4
    α-methoxycarbonyl-α-(2-methylphenyl)-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-α-ethyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone 1198581-73-5 C10H14O4
    α-methoxycarbonyl-α-ethyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-α-methyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone 1198581-72-4 C9H12O4
    α-methoxycarbonyl-α-methyl-γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactone
    —— 4-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one 91005-28-6 C9H14O2
    4-methyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]pyran-3-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(icosa-11,13-diyn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1239588-72-7 C25H40O3
    (3S,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(icosa-11,13-diyn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonsaeure-methylester 21461-87-0 C7H10O4
    (R)-2-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonsaeure-methylester
    —— (E)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-pentadecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1448838-88-7 C26H36O2
    (E)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-pentadecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-glycero-tetronolactone 86677-82-9 C4H5FO2
    2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-L-glycero-tetronolactone
    —— (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-pentadecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1448838-87-6 C26H36O2
    (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-pentadecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-dodecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1448838-91-2 C23H30O2
    (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-dodecatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-decatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 1448838-92-3 C21H26O2
    (Z)-5-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5-decatrien-5-yl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-methyloxan-2-one 1224588-25-3 C13H26O3Si
    (4S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-methyloxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,8S)-4,4,8-trimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(1,5)]undecan-2,11-dione 1269249-81-1 C13H18O3
    (1R,5R,8S)-4,4,8-trimethyl-3-oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0(1,5)]undecan-2,11-dione
    —— (+)-<2'R,3R>-3-(6-methylhept-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 152459-00-2 C13H24O2
    (+)-<2'R,3R>-3-(6-methylhept-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-<(1S)-1-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>allyl>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 162789-36-8 C28H38O3Si
    (4S)-4-<(1S)-1-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>allyl>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,4S)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>tetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanacetaldehyde 3-(dimethyl acetal) 162789-34-6 C29H42O5Si
    (3S,4S)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>tetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furanacetaldehyde 3-(dimethyl acetal)
    —— (+/-)-trans-Methoxycarbonyl-5-aethyliden-6-oxo-1-methyl-2-methylen-tetrahydropyran 18003-07-1 C11H14O4
    (+/-)-trans-Methoxycarbonyl-5-aethyliden-6-oxo-1-methyl-2-methylen-tetrahydropyran
    —— (+/-)-cis-1-Methoxycarbonyl-5-aethyliden-6-oxo-1-methyl-2-methylen-tetrahydropyran 18003-08-2 C11H14O4
    (+/-)-cis-1-Methoxycarbonyl-5-aethyliden-6-oxo-1-methyl-2-methylen-tetrahydropyran
    —— (S)-(+)-γ-(methoxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 96845-45-3 C6H10O3
    (S)-(+)-γ-(methoxymethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-10-oxadispiro[2.0.54.23]undecan-11-one 191476-77-4 C12H18O2
    2,2-Dimethyl-10-oxadispiro[2.0.54.23]undecan-11-one