内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | trans-2-methyl-4-(E-2-propenyl)-butyrolactone | 74911-67-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 4-(1-Ethoxy-vinyl)-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 147721-38-8 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,6aR,7aR,11aS)-3,11a-Dimethyl-2,5,9-trioxo-hexadecahydro-6-oxa-benzo[de]anthracene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 63533-94-8 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aS,9aS,9bS)-8-Hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,5a,6,9a,9b-octahydro-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,7-dione | 68799-18-8 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | [(3S,4R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester | 127231-96-3 | C26H34O5Si |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S,7R,8S)-6,7,8-Trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 142030-51-1 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | γ-propyl-γ-1-pentenyl-δ-valerolactone | 67624-50-4 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 1-oxo-4a-methyl-1,3,3a,4a-tetrahydro-4-vinylcyclopropa<c>furan | 86747-67-3 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-(phenylethynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1184175-97-0 | C16H18O2 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid (R)-4-methoxymethoxy-4-((3S,3aR,7aR)-3a-methoxymethoxymethyl-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-butyl ester | 204910-16-7 | C24H40O8 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,6S,7S)-6-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-((E)-hept-1-enyl)-3,8-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]decane-2,9-dione | 1040742-49-1 | C32H40O5Si |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 32436-12-7 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-3-methyloxan-2-one | 97249-23-5 | C14H20O2Si |
| —— | (3S,5S,6S)-6-[(2S)-1,1-dimethoxypropan-2-yl]-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one | 132125-13-4 | C12H22O4 |
| —— | (3R,5S,4'S)-5-<3-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl>-3-hydroxy-5-pentanolide | 130914-17-9 | C15H25NO6 |
| —— | α-2-Butyliden-γ-butyrolacton | 21053-57-6 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | (S)-(-)-β-hexyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone | 1170664-55-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-Hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 66376-61-2 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (R)-3-Ethyl-3-phenylselanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 55229-26-0 | C16H20O2Se |
| —— | 5-exo-phenylselenenyl-7-anti-trimethylsilylbicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2,6-carbolactone | 78824-73-4 | C17H22O2SeSi |
| —— | (3S,5R,6R)-3,5-Dimethyl-6-(1-phenylselanyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 98944-65-1 | C15H20O2Se |
| —— | cis-1-methyl-9-phenyl-3,7-dioxa-8-azabicyclo<4.3.0>non-8-en-2-one | 90545-81-6 | C13H13NO3 |
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-3-(1'(trimethylsiloxy)-ethyl)-2-(3H)furanone | 75612-66-7 | C9H18O3Si |
| —— | (R)-5-{(E)-3-[(4R,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methoxymethoxy-2-((Z)-oct-2-enyl)-cyclopent-2-en-(Z)-ylidene]-propenyl}-dihydro-furan-2-one | 145437-76-9 | C22H32O5 |
| —— | 2-dehydro-4-anhydropulchellin | 25023-64-7 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 7,8-dimethyl-8-phenyl-5-(2-propenyl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 133322-39-1 | C18H22O2 |
| —— | (4aR,7S,9aS)-7-bromo-6,6,9a-trimethyloctahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-b]oxepin-2-one | 1437115-68-8 | C12H19BrO3 |
| —— | α-Hydroxymethyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolacton | 68387-07-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradec-2-yn-(E)-ylidene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 342386-05-4 | C19H30O3 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-6-Isopropylidene-3a,6a-dimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 108287-27-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (1R-(1α,5α,6α))-6-iodo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 169393-21-9 | C5H5IO2 |
| —— | 4,7-Epoxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,3-dipropyl- | 79402-74-7 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (4S)-6,7-dichloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1311375-94-6 | C7H8Cl2O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-trans-2-(1-bromo-3-oxa-2-oxocyclopentyl)octahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-benzo<b>furan | 76215-66-2 | C15H23BrO3 |
| —— | 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrone | 117642-43-0 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-propanyl 2,2-dimethyl-4-({5-oxo-3,4-bis[(trimethylsily l)oxy]tetrahydro-2-furanyl}[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)-1,3-oxazo lidine-3-carboxylate (non-preferred name) | 136597-86-9 | C24H49NO8Si3 |
| —— | (Bis-allyloxy-phosphoryl)-diazo-acetic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 445218-04-2 | C14H19N2O7P |
| —— | (3R,4aS,8R,8aS)-(+)-8-acetoxy-3-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydroisocoumarin | 104331-44-4 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-one | 130467-76-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | Carbonic acid ethyl ester (8aS,8bS)-3,6,6,8b-tetramethyl-2-oxo-4,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-5-yl ester | 128260-83-3 | C18H24O5 |
| —— | (Z)-(1R,2S,3S,6R)-11-Bromo-3,8-bis-bromomethyl-5,14-dioxa-tricyclo[10.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]pentadeca-7,12(15)-diene-4,13-dione | 56650-72-7 | C15H15Br3O4 |
| —— | (3R,6R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 142459-15-2 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | 5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-furan-2,4-dione | 58548-63-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (4S,4aR,8aR)-4a-Hydroxymethyl-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-chromen-2-one | 74854-44-7 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 4',5',6,7-Tetrahydro-spiro<benzo<b>thiophen-4(5H),3'(2'H)-furan>-2'-on | 105776-43-0 | C11H12O2S |
| —— | (2S,2'R,5'S)-5'-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2'-methyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one | 53198-30-4 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 91057-99-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1196997-58-6 | C27H39F3O5 | |
| —— | 3-Ethylsulfanyl-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 69274-50-6 | C14H26O2S |
| —— | (4aR,7R,9aS)-7-bromo-6,6,9a-trimethyloctahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-b]oxepin-2-one | 1437115-72-4 | C12H19BrO3 |
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