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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S)-3-(methoxymethoxy)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 317855-21-3 C6H10O4
    (3S)-3-(methoxymethoxy)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-hexahydro-5-(methoxymethoxy)-4-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1328921-46-5 C12H20O6
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-hexahydro-5-(methoxymethoxy)-4-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-((1R,2R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1426145-90-5 C24H32O5Si
    (3R,5R)-5-((1R,2R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 75658-86-5 C5H6O2
    (1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— <1R-(1α,6α)>-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 145632-60-6 C6H8O2
    <1R-(1α,6α)>-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-L-xylonolactone 138433-76-8 C21H26O4Si
    5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-L-xylonolactone
    —— D-glycero-D-galacto-heptono-1,4-lactone 15397-08-7 C7H12O7
    D-glycero-D-galacto-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— 6-phenyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 124635-55-8 C11H12O3
    6-phenyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— 6-allyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 1001855-69-1 C8H12O3
    6-allyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3-Bromo-5-((1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-penta-3,4-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 204838-69-7 C15H15BrO5
    (3R,4S,5R)-3-Bromo-5-((1S,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-penta-3,4-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-deoxy-L-gulono-1,4-lactone 29217-83-2 C6H10O5
    6-deoxy-L-gulono-1,4-lactone
    —— 6-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 1001855-70-4 C8H10F4O4
    6-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxymethyl)-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— (-)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 793673-93-5 C11H11FO2
    (-)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 15,16-epoxy-6β,9-dihydroxy-8β<i>H</i>-labda-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid-6-lactone —— C20H28O4
    15,16-epoxy-6β,9-dihydroxy-8β<i>H</i>-labda-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid-6-lactone
    —— Marrubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marrubiin
    —— isomarrubilin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    isomarrubilin
    —— Marubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marubiin
    —— cyllenine C 19906-99-1 C17H24O4
    cyllenine C
    —— (R)-(+)-5-propyl-δ-valerolactone 108943-45-9 C8H14O2
    (R)-(+)-5-propyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (6S)-6-[(2S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]oxan-2-one 786668-27-7 C24H32O3Si
    (6S)-6-[(2S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropan-2-yl]oxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 184838-77-5 C8H10O4
    (1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(3R)-3-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid 1027900-02-2 C8H10O4
    2-[(3R)-3-ethenyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (-)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 423765-60-0 C11H12O2
    (-)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-propyl-2(3H)-furanone 1743-16-4 C7H12O2
    4,5-dihydro-3-propyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (-)-3-n-propyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 947-11-5 C13H16O2
    (-)-3-n-propyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-[(Z)-ethylidene]-3-methyloxetan-2-one 5659-14-3 C6H8O2
    4-[(Z)-ethylidene]-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-2-phenyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate 1111644-47-3 C18H22O5
    (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-2-phenyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate
    —— (2-benzyloxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester 160806-33-7 C15H17NO5
    (2-benzyloxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-carbamic acid allyl ester
    —— 1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-2,8-dione 4572-26-3 C9H8O3
    1-oxaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien-2,8-dione
    —— (5R)-5-(dec-9-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 150782-91-5 C14H24O2
    (5R)-5-(dec-9-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,3-dibromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,3'-bifuranyliden-2'-one 873547-07-0 C8H8Br2O3
    3,3-dibromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,3'-bifuranyliden-2'-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-3-ethyloxolan-2-one 31770-00-0 C8H12O3
    3-Acetyl-3-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-bromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,3'-bifuranyliden-2'-one 873547-06-9 C8H9BrO3
    3-bromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,3'-bifuranyliden-2'-one
    —— Oxacycloundecan-2-one 5579-79-3 C10H18O2
    Oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— (R)-3-acetyl-3-chlorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1189186-46-6 C6H7ClO3
    (R)-3-acetyl-3-chlorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— α-propyl α-acetyl γ-butyrolactone 34592-14-8 C9H14O3
    α-propyl α-acetyl γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,5S)-4-butyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 192203-28-4 C9H16O2
    (4R,5S)-4-butyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— tert-butyl {(R)-[(S)-3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl](phenyl)methyl}carbamate 1160999-52-9 C18H23NO5
    tert-butyl {(R)-[(S)-3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl](phenyl)methyl}carbamate
    —— (Z)-3-[1-methyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylidene]dihydrofuran-2-one 919802-55-4 C10H18O2Si
    (Z)-3-[1-methyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylidene]dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-Acetonyl-3-acetyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 119060-64-9 C9H12O4
    3-Acetonyl-3-acetyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-Acetyl-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 91781-84-9 C11H16O3
    3-Acetyl-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,6S)-3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1003-88-9 C6H10O3
    (3S,6S)-3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1189186-58-0 C6H7FO3
    3-acetyl-3-fluorodihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-3-acetyl-3-((R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1265917-10-9 C14H15NO5
    (R)-3-acetyl-3-((R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one 850186-01-5 C15H20O3SeSi
    3-acetyl-3-(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 58623-81-7 C10H14O4
    3-acetyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (-)-syn-(3R,1'R)-α-(hydroxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone 155321-91-8 C6H10O3
    (-)-syn-(3R,1'R)-α-(hydroxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— a-(1-carbamylimino(methyl)methyl)-g-butyrolactone 118767-66-1 C7H10N2O3
    a-(1-carbamylimino(methyl)methyl)-g-butyrolactone
    —— 3-acetyl-3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 1386375-79-6 C14H15NO5
    3-acetyl-3-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2-acetyl-2-benzyl-γ-butyrolactone 3508-80-3 C13H14O3
    2-acetyl-2-benzyl-γ-butyrolactone