内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | c-3-hydroxy-1-t-5-dimethyl-t-3-phenylcyclohexane-r-1,3-carbolactone | 90995-28-1 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | α-chloro-α-formyl-γ-butyrolactone | 160663-34-3 | C5H5ClO3 |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-1-oxa-spiro[3.11]pentadecan-2-one | 133611-56-0 | C14H22Cl2O2 |
| —— | 4(S)-methyl-3(S)-(1(S)-methyl-2(E)-heptenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 84564-83-0 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 1360925-64-9 | C15H15F3O5 | |
| —— | (3R,5R,6S)-6-((R)-1-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propan-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 71828-74-5 | C16H32O3Si |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-(1-iodoethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 81357-35-9 | C7H11IO3 |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 50460-92-9 | C7H10O5 |
| —— | (R)-3-((S)-1-Methyl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 138100-14-8 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-((R)-2-Oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-3-phenyl-propionaldehyde | 332940-37-1 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R,7aS)-1-Isopropyl-6-methyl-5-oxo-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazole-7a-carbaldehyde | 154226-54-7 | C11H17NO3 |
| —— | (3<i>R</i>-<i>trans</i>-4-heptyl-3-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 100545-21-9 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | Hydroxy-acetic acid (3aS,4S)-3,6,10-trimethyl-2-oxo-dodecahydro-cyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl ester | 98147-67-2 | C17H28O5 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,7R,7aR)-4,7-dimethyl-5-trimethylsilyloxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione | 874198-59-1 | C13H20O4Si |
| —— | 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-pentyl-, (2S,3R)- | 18363-07-0 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (R)-5-(furan-3-ylmethyl)-5-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1637370-53-6 | C10H11IO3 |
| —— | 5.5.6-Trichlor-6-phenyl-tetrahydropyron-(2) | 92285-94-4 | C11H9Cl3O2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-1-lacton | 92015-72-0 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | exo-6-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 82313-15-3 | C15H21NO6 |
| —— | 3,3'-Bi(tetrahydrofuryliden)-2,2'-dion | 82044-35-7 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | 7-methoxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-ene-2,5-dione | 1006054-40-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (1S)-(-)-camphanic acid chloride | 93800-81-8 | C10H13ClO3 |
| —— | cis-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-phenyl-4-hexanolide | 124732-54-3 | C17H22O4 |
| —— | (+-)-5,8anti-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2endo-carboxylic acid | 102654-40-0 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | (1'S,5S)-5-<1'-<1'-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2',2',2'-trifluoroethyl>>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 146309-43-5 | C12H21F3O3Si |
| —— | 6-ethyl-6-phenyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione | 1403890-75-4 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 5<S(R)>-<2<S(R)>-hydroxypropyl>tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 82242-83-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S,2R,4R,5R)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate | 130595-58-3 | C12H17IO4 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-methylene-4-butanolide | 72380-62-2 | C7H4F6O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-2-(1-methyl-pentyl)-glutaric acid-anhydride | 100315-40-0 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 3aβ-Hydroxy-4β-acetoxy-7β-carboxy-6β-methoxycarbonyl-4α,6α,7α,7aα-octahydroinden-γ-lacton | 97441-30-0 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-allyl-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1439376-70-1 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 5-Isopropyl-2,8-dimethyl-4,6-dioxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecan-3-one | 92372-30-0 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | 4,6,6-Trimethyl-7-oxo-8-oxabicyclo-<2.2.2>-octan-2-exo-carbonsaeure-methylester | 19316-09-7 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | rac-(2-methyl-5-oxo-2-2,3,4-trihydrofuryl)methyl [3-(acetylamino)propyl]sulfonate | 1142951-62-9 | C11H19NO6S |
| —— | α-Aethyl-δ-methyl-δ-acetoxy-caprolacton | 93306-13-9 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 4-isopropyl-5-(2-methyl-6-oxo-heptyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 92791-37-2 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonan-2-one | 42550-11-8 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-4-Dimethoxymethyl-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 79299-07-3 | C10H15IO4 |
| —— | 184292-28-2 | C66H121N3O12Si3 | |
| —— | 9-Hydroxy-8-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]undecan-7-one | 35855-90-4 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 4-(1-Acetoxy-6-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)hexyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone | 136617-70-4 | C18H19F3O5 |
| —— | (2aS,3S,5aR,7aS,7bS)-3-Hydroxy-3,5a,6,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-2aH-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2-one | 89376-90-9 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | cis-carlic acid | 67381-73-1 | C10H10O6 |
| —— | 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-6-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 92912-03-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | α-Trimethyl-γ-n-hexyl-γ-butyrolacton | 57025-71-5 | C13H26O2Si |
| —— | (Z)-ethylidene-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-3-one | 139669-64-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R,4aR,5R,6R)-4-Amino-5,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-isochromen-1-one | 58109-73-2 | C10H15NO5 |
| —— | <3-Hydroxy-4a-carbonyl-decalyl-(3)>-essigsaeureaethylester-lacton | 92730-69-3 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | (+)-des-AB-8-oxacholestan-9-one | 95511-42-5 | C17H30O2 |
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