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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,4-dione 30670-43-0 C15H22O4
    3-Hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,4-dione
    —— 2,4-Dimethyl-2-(1-methyl-allyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 104413-20-9 C13H20O4
    2,4-Dimethyl-2-(1-methyl-allyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-phenyl-3-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-2-one 6051-12-3 C16H20O2
    4-phenyl-3-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— 1,10-bis(tetrahydro-3-methyl-2-oxofuran-3-yl)decane 122332-99-4 C20H34O4
    1,10-bis(tetrahydro-3-methyl-2-oxofuran-3-yl)decane
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3-Allyl-5-methyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 86277-81-8 C10H14O2
    (3S,4S,5S)-3-Allyl-5-methyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,6R)-6-isobutyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione 1109268-79-2 C15H18O4
    (3S,6R)-6-isobutyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione
    —— 1092102-51-6 C15H26O3Si
    —— 4-oxa-A-homo-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one 76043-53-3 C19H30O3
    4-oxa-A-homo-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one
    —— <2S-<2α(S<sup>*</sup>),3β,5α>>-tetrahydro-α,3,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-acetic acid 75879-65-1 C10H16O4
    <2S-<2α(S<sup>*</sup>),3β,5α>>-tetrahydro-α,3,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-acetic acid
    —— 1427029-87-5 C13H18O5
    —— (E)-(4-(16-azidohexadecylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate 1219016-51-9 C27H47N3O5
    (E)-(4-(16-azidohexadecylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— 2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid 1,4-lactone 90292-45-8 C6H10O5
    2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid 1,4-lactone
    —— (6S,7S,7aR)-6-Bromo-7-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-one 30017-13-1 C11H15BrO3
    (6S,7S,7aR)-6-Bromo-7-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-one
    —— 1206531-38-5 C9H15N3O3
    —— 6,6-Dihexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on 115407-70-0 C17H32O2
    6,6-Dihexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropyl)-butyrolacton 50479-15-7 C13H16O3
    5-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropyl)-butyrolacton
    —— (E)-17-nor-8,9-secolabd-9(11)-en-8,13-olide 121943-70-2 C19H32O2
    (E)-17-nor-8,9-secolabd-9(11)-en-8,13-olide
    —— (3S,5R,1'R)-5-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 1015071-28-9 C14H28O4Si
    (3S,5R,1'R)-5-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-4-benzylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,7-dione 1383571-95-6 C16H16O3
    (Z)-4-benzylidene-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,7-dione
    —— (4R,5S,6S)-4-Allyl-6-methyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 86277-84-1 C11H16O2
    (4R,5S,6S)-4-Allyl-6-methyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 7-Iodo-9-nitro-8-phenyl-oxecan-2-one 133390-77-9 C15H18INO4
    7-Iodo-9-nitro-8-phenyl-oxecan-2-one
    —— 5-(1-ethoxy-ethyl)-3-(3-methyl-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 27927-39-5 C13H24O3
    5-(1-ethoxy-ethyl)-3-(3-methyl-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— diethyl-5,5 dioxa-4,10 exo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3 72081-03-9 C12H16O3
    diethyl-5,5 dioxa-4,10 exo-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2.6</sup>>decene-8 one-3
    —— (3R,4S,4aR,9aS)-3-((R)-1,2-Dihydroxy-ethyl)-6,6,8,8-tetraisopropyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-2,5,7,9-tetraoxa-6,8-disila-benzocyclohepten-1-one 212767-73-2 C20H40O7Si2
    (3R,4S,4aR,9aS)-3-((R)-1,2-Dihydroxy-ethyl)-6,6,8,8-tetraisopropyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-2,5,7,9-tetraoxa-6,8-disila-benzocyclohepten-1-one
    —— (αR,5R,6R)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-6-difluoromethyl-5-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5,6-dihydro-4-pyridone 161665-03-8 C20H29F2NO2Si
    (αR,5R,6R)-N-(α-methylbenzyl)-6-difluoromethyl-5-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-5,6-dihydro-4-pyridone
    —— 1022912-47-5 C17H24O2
    —— Dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-hexancarbonsaeure-δ-lacton 32116-04-4 C8H14O3
    Dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-3,5-hexancarbonsaeure-δ-lacton
    —— (E)-(4S,5R,4'S,5'R)-5,5'-Diethyl-4,4'-dimethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuranyliden-2'-one 114485-31-3 C14H22O3
    (E)-(4S,5R,4'S,5'R)-5,5'-Diethyl-4,4'-dimethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuranyliden-2'-one
    —— (1R,2R,6S)-6-methyl-4,7-dioxa-8-azatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]tridecane-3,5-dione 132524-26-6 C11H15NO4
    (1R,2R,6S)-6-methyl-4,7-dioxa-8-azatricyclo[6.5.0.02,6]tridecane-3,5-dione
    —— (E)-3-(7-methyl-4-oxooct-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1337569-02-4 C13H20O3
    (E)-3-(7-methyl-4-oxooct-2-en-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,3-Dichlor-4-(diisopropylamino)-5,6-propylen-3,4-dihydro-α-pyron 39205-36-2 C14H21Cl2NO2
    3,3-Dichlor-4-(diisopropylamino)-5,6-propylen-3,4-dihydro-α-pyron
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one 105598-58-1 C8H12O2
    4,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 3a-Methylsulfanyl-6-phenyl-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione 64810-19-1 C15H16O3S
    3a-Methylsulfanyl-6-phenyl-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
    —— 5-pentyl-[4-(13)C2]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1227056-08-7 C9H16O2
    5-pentyl-[4-(13)C2]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-1-one 18998-19-1 C14H16O2
    3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro<4.4>nonan-1-one
    —— (3S,4S,6S)-6-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 127589-12-2 C11H20O5
    (3S,4S,6S)-6-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-4-methylenecyclohexyl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate 1123890-00-5 C25H38O6
    (1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl)-4-methylenecyclohexyl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1RS,4aRS,5SR,8aSR)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-4a,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-1-<(E)-1-propen-1-yl>-1H-2-benzopyran-3,8(4H,5H)-dione 119414-50-5 C18H30O4Si
    (1RS,4aRS,5SR,8aSR)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-4a,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-1-<(E)-1-propen-1-yl>-1H-2-benzopyran-3,8(4H,5H)-dione
    —— 3-oxo-19-O-(2-piperidinoacetyl)dehydroandrographolide 1575716-85-6 C27H37NO5
    3-oxo-19-O-(2-piperidinoacetyl)dehydroandrographolide
    —— (1S,4S,7R,8R)-6-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.0.0<sup>4,8</sup>]dec-2-en-5-one 39170-61-1 C9H10O2
    (1S,4S,7R,8R)-6-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.0.0<sup>4,8</sup>]dec-2-en-5-one
    —— 3-acetoxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-isobenzofuran-1-one 24024-86-0 C17H14O4
    3-acetoxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-isobenzofuran-1-one
    —— (3S*,4aR*,8aR*)-3-methyloctahydroisochromen-1-one 62232-10-4 C10H16O2
    (3S*,4aR*,8aR*)-3-methyloctahydroisochromen-1-one
    —— 5-ethyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1228300-25-1 C10H12O2S
    5-ethyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aR,4S,4aS,7aS,8S,8aS)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhexahydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4,8-diyl (1S,1'S,4R,4'R)-bis(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate) 206269-09-2 C32H44O12
    (3aR,4S,4aS,7aS,8S,8aS)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhexahydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4,8-diyl (1S,1'S,4R,4'R)-bis(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate)
    —— (4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 80263-63-4 C20H40O8Si
    (4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 1β-formyl-3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α,6α-dimethylcyclohexane-2α-carboxylic acid γ-lactone 77044-69-0 C11H16O3
    1β-formyl-3α-(hydroxymethyl)-1α,6α-dimethylcyclohexane-2α-carboxylic acid γ-lactone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 111831-56-2 C10H16O3
    (4R,5R)-5-methyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,6S,8R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-8-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 78037-93-1 C27H52O4Si2
    (1R,5R,6S,8R)-6-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-8-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-ethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 83060-96-2 C15H30O3Si
    (5R,6R)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-ethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3,4-Dibromo-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 28884-59-5 C10H14Br2O4
    (3S,4R)-3,4-Dibromo-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester