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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxohex-1-enyl)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C24H38O5
    5-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-3-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxohex-1-enyl)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadeca-5,15-dien-7,9,11-triynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H24O3
    3-Hexadeca-5,15-dien-7,9,11-triynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— 3-[[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C12H16O5
    3-[[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 5-dec-9-enyl-3-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 36690-57-0 C17H30O4
    5-dec-9-enyl-3-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (6-formyl-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C20H22O7
    (6-formyl-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 9a-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C16H22O4
    9a-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3,4-dihydroxydihydrofuranone 13092-55-2 C4H6O4
    3,4-dihydroxydihydrofuranone
    —— 8,12,21-Trihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione —— C29H38O7
    8,12,21-Trihydroxy-6,10,14,15,21,22-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosa-7,10-diene-9,25-dione
    —— N,N'-pentane-1,5-diylbis(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide) —— C25H38N2O6
    N,N'-pentane-1,5-diylbis(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide)
    —— 6,10-Dimethyl-3,11-dioxapentacyclo[8.4.1.01,7.04,14.07,12]pentadec-8-en-2-one —— C15H18O3
    6,10-Dimethyl-3,11-dioxapentacyclo[8.4.1.01,7.04,14.07,12]pentadec-8-en-2-one
    —— [4-Acetyl-16-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,11-dimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-7,11-dien-3-yl] acetate —— C24H37NO5
    [4-Acetyl-16-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-7,11-dimethyl-15-oxo-14-oxabicyclo[11.3.0]hexadeca-7,11-dien-3-yl] acetate
    —— 5-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C19H30N2O3S
    5-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— (10-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-6,12-dioxospiro[5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-1(13),2-diene-7,2'-oxirane]-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O8
    (10-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-6,12-dioxospiro[5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-1(13),2-diene-7,2'-oxirane]-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxybut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one —— C8H12O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxybut-2-enyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 1,5-Dimethyl-8-[2-(6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C20H28O3
    1,5-Dimethyl-8-[2-(6-methylidene-2-oxo-1-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl)ethyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C12H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 2-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohexyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4yl]-acetamide —— C15H23NO4
    2-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-cyclohexyl)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4yl]-acetamide
    —— 3-Hexadeca-9,15-dien-7-ynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C21H32O3
    3-Hexadeca-9,15-dien-7-ynyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4a-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate —— C20H26O6
    (4a-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-9-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,7,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl) 2,3-dimethyloxirane-2-carboxylate
    —— 17-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-9,9,14,18-tetramethyl-3,8-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.04,10.014,18]icosa-1(13),5-dien-7-one —— C30H40O6
    17-(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-yl)-9,9,14,18-tetramethyl-3,8-dioxapentacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.04,10.014,18]icosa-1(13),5-dien-7-one
    —— phoracantholide I 74183-94-1 C10H18O2
    phoracantholide I
    —— (4,9,9,14,17,20,20-Heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosa-5(10),11-dien-8-yl) acetate —— C32H46O4
    (4,9,9,14,17,20,20-Heptamethyl-23-oxo-24-oxahexacyclo[11.9.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracosa-5(10),11-dien-8-yl) acetate
    —— 15-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-5-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-4,14-dione —— C20H24O4
    15-Hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-5-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(15),8,10,12-tetraene-4,14-dione
    —— Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-7,7,9,13-tetramethyl-6,16-dioxo-15,17-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,13.03,10]heptadec-2-en-8-yl]acetate —— C26H32O7
    Methyl 2-[14-(furan-3-yl)-7,7,9,13-tetramethyl-6,16-dioxo-15,17-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,13.03,10]heptadec-2-en-8-yl]acetate
    —— 16-Hydroxy-11-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-14-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.02,8]hexadec-10-ene-6,9,15-trione —— C19H22O5
    16-Hydroxy-11-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-14-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.02,8]hexadec-10-ene-6,9,15-trione
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O3
    4-(4-Hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4a,5,6,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 5a-ethenyl-4-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxobut-3-enyl]-3-methylidene-4,5,6,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione —— C19H22O6
    5a-ethenyl-4-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxobut-3-enyl]-3-methylidene-4,5,6,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3aH-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— 3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O2
    3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-Henicos-17-enyl-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C27H50O4
    5-Henicos-17-enyl-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(5-Methylhexa-2,4-dienylidene)oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O2
    3-(5-Methylhexa-2,4-dienylidene)oxolan-2-one
    —— [6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C15H22O5
    [6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— simvastatin 892395-81-2 C25H38O5
    simvastatin
    —— 3-Dodec-5-enoyloxolan-2-one —— C16H26O3
    3-Dodec-5-enoyloxolan-2-one
    —— [1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-1,3,3,6-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-inden-4-yl] acetate —— C20H30O6
    [1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-1,3,3,6-tetramethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-inden-4-yl] acetate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-octa-2,4,6-trienoyloxolan-2-one —— C13H16O4
    3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-octa-2,4,6-trienoyloxolan-2-one
    —— Biyoulactone D —— C26H40O8
    Biyoulactone D
    —— (11-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-12-en-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H24O6
    (11-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-5-methylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradec-12-en-7-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 2-Oxo-5-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 91179-59-8 C10H16O4
    2-Oxo-5-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-Ethenyl-3-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one —— C10H14O2
    4-Ethenyl-3-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H40O3
    3-Hexadecyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 8-(Hydroxymethyl)-13-methoxy-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-dien-4-one —— C16H20O5
    8-(Hydroxymethyl)-13-methoxy-3-methylidene-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-7,11-dien-4-one
    —— 5,9-Dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-4,9-dien-2-one —— C12H18O2
    5,9-Dimethyl-1-oxacycloundeca-4,9-dien-2-one
    —— 4-[2-Hydroperoxy-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]but-3-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C15H20O6
    4-[2-Hydroperoxy-3-[(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]but-3-enyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-yl)methyl acetate —— C17H18O6
    (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 3,7,12-Trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-11-ene-8,13-dione —— C15H18O4
    3,7,12-Trimethyl-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-11-ene-8,13-dione
    —— 8,11-Dihydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one —— C15H22O5
    8,11-Dihydroxy-6,7,13-trimethyl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.06,10]tetradecan-3-one
    —— 6,8,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H22O5
    6,8,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,8,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4,10-Dihydroxy-10-methyl-dodecan-4-olide —— C13H24O3
    4,10-Dihydroxy-10-methyl-dodecan-4-olide
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one