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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-5-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynoxymethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21NO3
    (5R)-5-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynoxymethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— diethyl-[4-[[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methoxy]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C13H22NO3+
    diethyl-[4-[[(2R)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methoxy]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C19H33N2O3+
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    (3R,5S)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13O4-
    (2S,4R)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13O4-
    (2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H13O4-
    (2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C17H29NO2
    (3R,5R)-3-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— diethyl-[4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C17H30NO2+
    diethyl-[4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H14O4
    (2S,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5S)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3R,5S)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,7R)-7-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C13H14O2
    (1R,4S,7R)-7-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H23N3O3
    (1S,4R)-N-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C11H18O4
    2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H17O4-
    2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (3R,3aS,3bS,11aS,11bR)-3-ethyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one —— C24H30O2
    (3R,3aS,3bS,11aS,11bR)-3-ethyl-3-phenyl-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-dodecahydrophenanthro[9,10-c]furan-1-one
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aS,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— [1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [1-[(3S,5R)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,3aS,4R,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid —— C9H12O4
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— ChlortetronsA currencyure —— C4H3ClO3
    ChlortetronsA currencyure
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate —— C9H11O4-
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S,8S,9R,10R,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O4
    (1R,4S,8S,9R,10R,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,3aR,4S,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H18O4
    (3S,3aR,4S,9aS,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromanyloxolan-2-one —— C4H5BrO2
    (3S)-3-bromanyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-phenyl-3-[(3S)-3-phenylbutanoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C20H20O3
    (3S,4R)-4-phenyl-3-[(3S)-3-phenylbutanoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,2R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1S,2R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1S,2R,5R)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,2R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    (1R,2R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,4S)-1-[(2S)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C17H21BrO2
    (1S,4S)-1-[(2S)-2-bromo-2-phenylethyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    (1R,4S,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C13H22O3
    (1R,4R,5R)-5,7,7-trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-4,4,5,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one —— C12H20O3
    (1R,5R)-4,4,5,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone —— C6H8O6
    L-xylo-hex-3-ulono-1,4-lactone
    —— ethyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C12H18O4
    ethyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate —— C10H11NO5
    [(3S)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl] 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate