内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1,8-Dioxo-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxa-spiro<4.5>decan | 100258-06-8 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (8R,16S)-8,16-dimethyl-1,9-dioxacyclohexadecane-2,10-dione | 119434-00-3 | C16H28O4 |
| —— | 3H-2-Benzopyran-3-one, octahydro-4,4-dimethyl-, trans- | 93257-25-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (+-)-4-(α-hydroxy-isopropyl)-6-methyl-hept-5-enoic acid-lactone | 100052-76-4 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3-methylhexansaeure-δ-lacton | 3720-20-5 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | (R)-4-(2-Iodo-ethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 200204-53-1 | C8H13IO2 |
| —— | 72407-04-6 | C11H13IO2 | |
| —— | ((1SR,2RS,4RS)-1,4-dihydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroinden-2-yl)-9,1-lactone | 51820-15-6 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | Thioacetic acid S-((1R,4R,5R)-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl) ester | 20970-51-8 | C9H12O3S |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 871590-05-5 | C14H28O4Si |
| —— | (+)-(4)-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-pentanolide | 131702-74-4 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 1684-56-6 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-one | 862900-32-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 1197215-06-7 | C21H36O4S2 | |
| —— | (3aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-4,7,9b-Trimethyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104199-03-3 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-87-1 | C16H20O5S |
| —— | (3aR,5aR,9bS)-3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8-octahydro-3a,8-dihydroxy-5a,9-dimethyl-3-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(9bH)-one | 1357258-99-1 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | Phenyl-acetic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 188663-06-1 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (2aR,5R,5aS,7aR,7bR)-5-Allyl-7b-methyl-octahydro-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2,3-dione | 89376-97-6 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (1RS,2SR,6RS)-1,2-dichloro-9-oxo-8-oxabicyclo-<4.3.0>nonane-2-carboxylic acid | 103723-35-9 | C9H10Cl2O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl-7,7,8,8-d4)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 82290-51-5 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | 5-methyl-3-(2-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1174396-62-3 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | 4,7,9b-trimethyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydrobenzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104265-17-0 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R,8S)-4,8-dibromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 65825-55-0 | C7H6Br2O2 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-4-propyl-isoxazol-5-on | 14668-71-4 | C10H17NO2 |
| —— | 4.4.6-Trimethyl-3-phenyl-tetrahydropyron-(2) | 106596-62-7 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (1S)-2endo-bromo-1,3exo,4exo-trihydroxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 32384-46-6 | C7H9BrO5 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(3-phenylpropyl)cyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone | 1259025-86-9 | C28H46O4Si2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-[(E,E)-hexa-1,3-dienyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 1266113-91-0 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (5S,8R,9R,10S)-3,3-Diethyl-8,9,10-trihydroxy-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 861213-47-0 | C12H20O6 |
| —— | 3-(2-bromoallyl)-5-methylene-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1187330-31-9 | C8H9BrO2 |
| —— | cis-2-benzyl-3-methyl-2-vinyl-5-pentanolide | 114199-56-3 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-5-Benzyl-6-heptyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 109277-37-4 | C19H26O3 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-(3'-oxocyclohexyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 1353763-38-8 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (2S,5R)-2-Ethyl-5-phenyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one | 90581-57-0 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | β-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1024594-64-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,7R)-9,13-dimethyl-6-oxatricyclo[8.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>]tetradecan-9,13-dien-5,12-dione | 1006369-99-8 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6R,9S)-1,6-dimethyl-9-oxatricyclo[5.2.2.0]undecan-2,10-dione | 880084-24-2 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | (2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetic acid | 859306-72-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]-N-[(1S,5S,6R)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]carbamate | 1431611-13-0 | C16H25NO6 |
| —— | (4R,5S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-methyl-5-((E)-3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 83343-96-8 | C16H28O4Si |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-3-exo-(hydroxymethyl)norborn-2-endo-ylacetic acid δ-lactone | 77670-59-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (S)-6-((S,3Z,6Z,9Z)-1-iodopentadeca-3,6,9-trien-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 73279-36-4 | C20H31IO2 |
| —— | 4,20-Dioxo-4-methyl-1,4-seco-2,3,19-trisnorpregn-5(10)-en-saeure-(1)-lactol | 2526-45-6 | C19H26O4 |
| —— | 5,9-dihydroxy-6-oxo-14,15,16,19-tetranor-8β<i>H</i>-labdan-13-oic acid-9-lactone | 108982-74-7 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | 5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2-deoxy-D-xylonolactone | 138433-77-9 | C21H26O4Si |
| —— | 6-methyl-3-methylidene-5-(4-methylphenyl)sulfinyl-6-phenyloxan-2-one | 112167-63-2 | C20H20O3S |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] acetate | 79902-34-4 | C27H44O5Si |
| —— | <3R,6R,7S,1(10)E,4Z>-3-methoxymethoxy-13-nor-1(10),4-germacradieno-12,6-lactone | 81780-72-5 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-3-methyl-3,4-bis((triethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((triethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1272971-24-0 | C24H52O5Si3 |
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