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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C12H21N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-5-oxo-4-pentyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(tetrazol-5-ylidene)oxolan-3-ylidene]-ethoxymethanolate —— C10H11N4O4-
    [5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-4-(tetrazol-5-ylidene)oxolan-3-ylidene]-ethoxymethanolate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C9H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H18N2O2
    (3S,5R)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C16H18N2O2
    (3S,5S)-5-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2S)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one —— C16H14O5
    (2R)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-[(5R)-2-oxo-5-phenyloxolan-3-ylidene]methoxy]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (3S)-3-methanimidoyloxane-2,4-dione —— C6H7NO3
    (3S)-3-methanimidoyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [(E)-1-[(2S,4R)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C9H13NO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (3R)-3-bromo-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H11BrO2
    (3R)-3-bromo-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H11BrO2
    (3S)-3-bromo-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (3R)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5R)-5-ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    (5S)-5-ethenyl-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H19N3O5
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H19N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-3,8,8-trimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    2-[(2S,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea
    —— 2-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea —— C13H22N2O2S
    2-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]prop-1-enylthiourea
    —— (4S)-4-(2-bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C11H15BrO3
    (4S)-4-(2-bromoacetyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O2
    (3S,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O2
    (3R,5S)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O2
    (3R,5R)-5-ethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4S)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-N-pentyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4S)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O3
    (4R,5R)-4,5-dimethyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,5S)-4-methyl-5-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H5Cl3O3
    (4S,5S)-4-methyl-5-(trichloromethyl)oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— cis-dihydro-5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H7F3O2
    cis-dihydro-5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,5R)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H9F3O2
    (3S,5R)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H9F3O2
    (3R,5R)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H9F3O2
    (3S,5S)-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,6R,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (3aS,6R,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide
    —— (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl) (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H26NO4+
    (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-4-yl) (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-methyl-4-(3,5,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl)oxetan-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (4S)-4-methyl-4-(3,5,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— dibutyl-[4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C20H36NO3+
    dibutyl-[4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (5R)-3,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C10H10O6
    (5R)-3,3,4,4-tetrahydroxy-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4R)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4R)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R,4S)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H20O6
    (5R)-5-[(2R,4S)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (5S)-5-butyl-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    (3R,5R)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H14O4
    (2R,4S)-4-butyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid