内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-ethylideneoxocane-2,8-dione | 1033282-29-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | methyl <2S-<2α(S*),3β,5α>>-tetrahydro-α,3,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-acetate | 75879-64-0 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5R<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 136031-58-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7S)-5,5-di(butan-2-yl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 84566-07-4 | C17H26O2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1R,8S)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-1-((1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-cyclopentyl)-4-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-5-en-8-yl ester | 79745-97-4 | C22H38O7SSi |
| —— | (1R,2R,5R)-2-<(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl>-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-3-en-7-one | 129482-69-5 | C14H24O3Si |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxypentanoyloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8, 8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 107998-28-7 | C26H40O6 |
| —— | (2aR,8bR)-1,1-Diethoxy-8b-hydroxymethyl-7,7-dimethyl-decahydro-5-oxa-cyclobuta[e]azulen-4-one | 78001-81-7 | C18H30O5 |
| —— | 4-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxy-dihydro-furan-2-one | 873379-13-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 5-[(3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z)-14-((2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-oxiranyl)-1-iodo-tetradeca-3,6,9,12-tetraenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 273394-31-3 | C22H31IO3 |
| —— | (6R,7S)-7-Methyl-6-trimethylsilanyl-oxepan-2-one | 75613-60-4 | C10H20O2Si |
| —— | 5-(Trifluoromethyl)oxolan-3-one | 2090652-49-4 | C5H5F3O2 |
| —— | trans,trans-2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-(iodomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 86390-96-7 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | trans-4,5-dihydro-4-isopropyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 112423-39-9 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionyloxy)-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 107998-27-6 | C24H36O6 |
| —— | (3aS,8aR)-3,3-Dimethyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 132861-69-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2-oxo-decahydro-cycloocta<b>furan | 19296-87-8 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl (3S,4S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-ylcarbamate | 1174006-28-0 | C16H21NO4 |
| —— | Norjatamansaeureanhydrid | 103276-13-7 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-cyclohexylmethyl-5-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-methoxymethoxybutyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 159631-51-3 | C17H31NO5 |
| —— | cis-3-Hydroxy-cis-4-isopropyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure-lacton | 92015-69-5 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-tert-butyl 5-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1440524-82-2 | C11H17IO4 |
| —— | (1'R,5R)-5-(5'-trimethylsilyl-1'-hydroxypent-4'-ynyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 861807-56-9 | C12H20O3Si |
| —— | (2S,2S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxymethyl-2-methyl-2-(pent-3-ynyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1048341-89-4 | C17H30O3Si |
| —— | 2,3,3aα,4,5,6,7,7aα-octahydro-4β-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-6α-methoxycarbonyl-6β-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 81470-27-1 | C17H30O5Si |
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-5-pent-4-enyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 93863-13-9 | C16H26O2 |
| —— | 877762-63-5 | C25H32O4Si | |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-(3-Bromo-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 111795-04-1 | C10H17BrO3 |
| —— | (+)-(1S,5R)-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.1>nonan-2-one | 88211-23-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)hexyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321199-99-8 | C18H36O4Si |
| —— | 4-iodo-7a-methyl-6,7-dihydro-3H-2-benzofuran-1,5-dione | 925681-25-0 | C9H9IO3 |
| —— | 5-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 98551-03-2 | C7H7Cl3O4 |
| —— | 6-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-5-iodo-3-propan-2-yloxan-2-one | 118832-54-5 | C15H25IO2 |
| —— | (1R,5R)-4-(Z-bromomethylene)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-3-one | 1358918-40-7 | C9H9BrO2 |
| —— | 4,5-dioxo-2-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 412028-89-8 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 4,4'-Dibutyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 35331-18-1 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (E)-1-Methoxy-7,7-dimethyl-3-phenylselanylmethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9-octahydro-benzo[c]oxocin-10-one | 79636-91-2 | C21H28O3Se |
| —— | 3aβ,4,6,7,8,8a,9,9aβ-octahydro-8aβ-methyl-2-methylenenaphtho<2,3-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 74064-02-1 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 1-Oxa-spiro[4.7]dodecane-2,7-dione | 118890-87-2 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 5-methylene-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-tetradecanolide | 98498-94-3 | C22H42O3Si |
| —— | 5-[4,4-Dimethyl-3a-(3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-(1Z)-ylidene]-pentanoic acid methyl ester | 138972-46-0 | C19H23NO6 |
| —— | (4aα,8aα)-4a-(acetoxymethyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-7,8-epoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 128957-11-9 | C14H20O5 |
| —— | (S)-(+)-2-n-Butyl-γ-butyrolactone | 73746-65-3 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-3,6-methano-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 81523-43-5 | C8H8O2 |
| —— | deoxynorpentalenolactone H methyl ester methoxymethyl ether | 122846-44-0 | C17H24O6 |
| —— | cis-3-Hydroxy-cis-5-methyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure-lacton | 90435-08-8 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-Aethyl-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-3-propyl-buttersaeurelacton | 3402-17-3 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 9-phenyl-8-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-7-one | 5732-79-6 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (2S,2'S,4R,4'R)-3,4,3',4'-tetrahydro-4,4’-bis(1-methylethyl)[2,2'-bifuran]-5,5'(2H,2'H)-dione | 1413429-41-0 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 4-<(E)-3-oxo-octenyl>-3a,7a-dihydro-4H-thiopyrano<4,3-b>-furan-2(3H)-one | 116013-18-4 | C15H20O3S |
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