内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Allyl-4-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 123976-11-4 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (3RS,4SR,5RS)-3-acetyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone | 125159-66-2 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4,4-(1,5-pentanediyl)-4-butanolide | 80934-73-2 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-5-Hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-4-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 104620-82-8 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-nitro-5-(4-nitrobenzyl)-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1261267-37-1 | C18H16N2O6 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3R)-2-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1199942-10-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | <2,3-Dicarboxy-cyclopentyl>-essigsaeure-anhydrid-methylester | 91062-13-4 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 69998-38-5 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-5-ethynyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 1266246-12-1 | C23H26O3Si |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-[(3S,5S)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-1-hydroxy-2-oxocyclohexyl]acetate | 273402-79-2 | C24H48O6Si2 |
| —— | 6a-propyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 39163-23-0 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 12-dimethylamino-11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione | 442158-51-2 | C17H23NO6 |
| —— | 5-(6-hydroxyhex-1-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1189152-39-3 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-3,4,4-tricyclopropyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one | 136527-29-2 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 4-[2-Ethyl-hex-(E)-ylidene]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 106896-42-8 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,4-dicyclopropyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one | 135386-91-3 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 1-Butyl-5,6-dihydroxy-3-oxo-octahydro-isobenzofuran | 91882-67-6 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4R,5S,8R,9S,12R,13R,18R,21S,22R,24R,25R,26S,29R,30S,33R,34R,39R,42S,43R,45R,46R,47S,50R,51S,54R,55R,60R,63S)-3,24,45-trihydroxy-8,13,21,29,34,42,50,55,63-nonamethyl-17,38,59-trioxatridecacyclo[58.3.1.118,22.139,43.04,9.05,63.08,12.021,26.025,30.029,33.042,47.046,51.050,54]hexahexacontane-16,37,58-trione | 936908-98-4 | C72H114O9 |
| —— | 1,4,4-trimethyl-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 53798-05-3 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-3a,4-dihydro-4-((Z)-oct-2-enyl)-3H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2(6aH)-one | 117154-38-8 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | 4-(2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-3-ylidenemethoxy)-2-phenylbut-2-en-4-olide | 78646-91-0 | C18H14O5 |
| —— | 9-Methyl-9-nitro-1-oxa-spiro[5.5]undeca-7,10-dien-2-one | 343319-61-9 | C11H13NO4 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7S,11R,13R)-4,7-dimethyl-3,6,9-trioxatricyclo[11.4.0.0<sup>1,11</sup>]heptadeca-2,5,8,14-tetraone | 188540-78-5 | C16H20O7 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-5-(1-phenyl-2-propylpent-1-enyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1260160-53-9 | C20H28O2 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-[(Z)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 114577-90-1 | C10H15NO4 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-(dec-7-ynyl)-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1092798-52-1 | C20H26O2 |
| —— | 6-(1-(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl)propa-1,2-dienyl)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391711-04-8 | C13H20O2Si |
| —— | 14a-Hydroxy-perhydro-dicycloocta<a,c>benzol-7.8-dicarbonsaeure-8.14a-lacton | 112577-51-2 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | ent-(13S)-hydroxy-14-oxo-3,4-seco-atis-16-en-3,4-olide | 129602-28-4 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | 6-Phenyl-6-propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 129665-09-4 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (1α,2β,4β,5α)-3,3-diphenyl-6-oxatricyclo<3.2.0.0<sup>2,4</sup>>heptan-7-one | 105280-89-5 | C18H14O2 |
| —— | α-Aethyl-α-allophanyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolacton | 92256-65-0 | C14H16N2O4 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8S,9S)-8-Iodo-9-methyl-10-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodecane-4,11-dione | 76757-78-3 | C12H15IO3 |
| —— | 3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259057-16-3 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | chloro-trifluoro-succinic acid-anhydride | 768-71-8 | C4ClF3O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-b]furan-4-one | 108800-54-0 | C6H8O5 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 191152-26-8 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | 3-Propyl-dodecahydro-1-oxa-cyclopentacyclododecen-2-one | 67138-29-8 | C17H30O2 |
| —— | 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 4168-04-1 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | 3-acetamido-4-C-carbomethoxy-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-2-C-methyl-D-glucono-1,5-lactone | 119904-04-0 | C11H17NO5 |
| —— | 2-oxo-1-oxaspiro<4,4>nonan-4-carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide | 166411-54-7 | C10H15N3O3S |
| —— | (+-)-8ξ-hydroxy-2-oxo-(2ar,5at,8aξ,8bc)-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-5t-carboxylic acid | 105474-35-9 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | tert-norlongilactone | 65080-06-0 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-<1-hydroxy-1-methyl-aethyl>-7-octin-saeure-γ-lacton | 92904-57-9 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (3E)-4-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(1-chloroethylidene)oxolan-2-one | 1055289-25-2 | C8H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | 3-(6-bromo-5-methoxy-2-nitro-2,4-cyclohexadienyl)-1-oxacyclopentan-2-one | 97522-30-0 | C11H12BrNO5 |
| —— | 1-noralliacolide | 120584-86-3 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 3,3-Dichloro-4,4-dipropyl-oxetan-2-one | 132765-53-8 | C9H14Cl2O2 |
| —— | 120584-86-3 | C14H20O4 | |
| —— | 9-bromo-3-oxo-8-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-2-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-ene-6-carbaldehyde | 1570044-94-8 | C9H7BrF3NO5S |
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