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内酯类

内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物,通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

内酯的分类
  1. 按环大小划分:根据内酯环的大小,可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
  2. 按碳原子数划分:依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同,可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
结构特征
  • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
  • 在生物体内,某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化,在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
应用
  1. 医药领域:许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如,四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
  2. 工业化学:内酯作为重要的化工原料,在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
  3. 分析化学与生物传感器:利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测;通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
生物活性
  • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性,如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
  • 在细胞信号传导过程中,内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

总之,内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元,在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— (3R)-3-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H10ClFO3
(3R)-3-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C15H18O3
(3R)-3-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C15H18O3
(3S)-3-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11ClO3
(3S)-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(3-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3S)-3-(3-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11ClO3
(3R)-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C14H16O3
(3S)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(4-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3R)-3-(4-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3R)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C14H16O3
(3R)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11FO3
(3S)-3-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3R)-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3S)-3-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H8ClFO3
(3R)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H8ClFO3
(3S)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11ClO3
(3R)-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(4-ethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C14H16O3
(3R)-3-[(4-ethylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3S)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3R)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3R)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3S)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3S)-3-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11FO3
(3R)-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3S)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9ClO3
(3R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C13H14O3
(3R)-3-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-benzyloxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3R)-3-benzyloxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-benzyloxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3S)-3-benzyloxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3R)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(3-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3R)-3-(3-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(4-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H12O3
(3S)-3-(4-methylphenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (4R,6S)-6-[2-[(1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C18H28O3
(4R,6S)-6-[2-[(1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
—— (4S,6S)-6-[2-[(1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C18H28O3
(4S,6S)-6-[2-[(1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
—— (3R,4R,5R)-3-hexadecyl-4-methoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C22H42O3
(3R,4R,5R)-3-hexadecyl-4-methoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S)-3-bromooxane-2,6-dione —— C5H5BrO3
(3S)-3-bromooxane-2,6-dione
—— [(1S,3S,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
[(1S,3S,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
—— (3R)-3-bromooxane-2,6-dione —— C5H5BrO3
(3R)-3-bromooxane-2,6-dione
—— (1R,4S,8R,9S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C11H10O3
(1R,4S,8R,9S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione
—— (1R,4R,8R,9R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C11H10O3
(1R,4R,8R,9R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione
—— (1R,4S,8R,9R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C11H10O3
(1R,4S,8R,9R)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione
—— (1R,4R,8R,9S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione —— C11H10O3
(1R,4R,8R,9S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.04,9]dodeca-5,11-diene-3,10-dione
—— (1S,2S,4R,7R,8S,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
(1S,2S,4R,7R,8S,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
—— (1S,2S,4S,7R,8R,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
(1S,2S,4S,7R,8R,10R)-5,11-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
—— (1S,2S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
(1S,2S,4R,5S)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
—— (1R,2S,4R,5R)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C9H11BrO4
(1R,2S,4R,5R)-4-bromo-1-methyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
—— (1R,2S,3S,4R,7S,11R,12R,13S,16S,20S,21S,22R)-4,13-dimethyl-6,15-dioxaoctacyclo[11.8.1.02,12.03,7.04,21.07,11.016,20.016,22]docosane-5,14-dione —— C22H26O4
(1R,2S,3S,4R,7S,11R,12R,13S,16S,20S,21S,22R)-4,13-dimethyl-6,15-dioxaoctacyclo[11.8.1.02,12.03,7.04,21.07,11.016,20.016,22]docosane-5,14-dione