内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 626201-44-3 | C12H20O6 | |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-phenylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-82-6 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-3-(12-dodecyn-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2-furanone | 486990-24-3 | C17H28O3 |
| —— | Paniculid A-acetat | 21764-36-3 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,6aR)-hexahydro-3,36-trimethyl-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 729602-95-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | Pilosinidin | 21963-37-1 | C8H10N2O2 |
| —— | 9-Methyl-3-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.04,9]undecan-2-one | 32970-84-6 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (1S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one | 345341-18-6 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | Bis[(2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl] propane-1,3-disulfonate | 1266341-76-7 | C15H24O10S2 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5R,6S,7aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-fluoro-2-oxooctahydrobenzo[d]oxazole-6-carbaldehyde | 1417339-35-5 | C14H24FNO4Si |
| —— | 1028433-16-0 | C13H18O5 | |
| —— | (2S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 117436-84-7 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (4R)-3-(3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-94-9 | C21H32O3S2Si |
| —— | (S)-3-[(R)-2,4-Bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-butyl]-5-methyl-3-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 299171-41-8 | C27H48O4SeSi2 |
| —— | (1S,6R,8R)-8-Methyl-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-10-one | 108793-30-2 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone ethylene acetal | 109908-75-0 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R)-4-Methoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester | 111197-22-9 | C12H19NO6 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxy-2-ethylhexyl)butanolide | 78344-42-0 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | 6-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyr-2-one | 118528-15-7 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | 3α-hydroxyguaia-1(10),4(15),11(13)-trieno-12,6α-lactone | 119273-14-2 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (S,E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1607478-67-0 | C6H7IO2 |
| —— | (1R,3S,7R,8S)-3-Methyl-5-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]undec-9-en-4-one | 134870-11-4 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | α-Keto-γ-hydroxy-β,β-dibrom-isocaprolacton-(4) | 10435-99-1 | C6H6Br2O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,Z)-6-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-88-7 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 2-O-tertbutyldimethylsilyl-L-threosolactone | 849778-73-0 | C10H20O4Si |
| —— | (2S,3S)-3-((E)-Non-1-enyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 94889-64-2 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-methylselanyloxolan-2-one | 80436-87-9 | C7H10O3Se |
| —— | 1384477-72-8 | C12H14O3 | |
| —— | tert-butyl (S)-((R)-3-acetyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)(furan-3-yl)methylcarbamate | 1232237-97-6 | C16H21NO6 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6aS)-5-iodo-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1591270-99-3 | C16H29IO3Si |
| —— | (3aR)-3c,5,8-trimethyl-(3ar,9ac)-3a,7,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H,4H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,6-dione | 6990-12-1 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | (3aS,5aS,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aS,13bS)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyloctadecahydro-4H-13a,3a-(epoxymethano)cyclopenta[a]chrysen-15-one | 122689-52-5 | C27H42O3 |
| —— | 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-trimethylammoniummethyl-4-butanolide bromide | 134251-83-5 | Br*C10H14F6NO2 |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 3-methylbutanoate | 79902-41-3 | C24H36O5 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-(+)-hydroxy-5 nonanolide-4 | 97039-78-6 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | β-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1024594-65-7 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 3-(diphenylphosphinyl)succinic anhydride | 1374992-17-2 | C16H13O4P |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)oxetan-2-one | 77192-32-6 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbaldehyde | 90482-39-6 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | Z-3-[1-methyl-3-(trimethylsilanyl)prop-2-ynylidene]tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 182227-61-8 | C11H16O2Si |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(E)-(3R)-3-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-propenyl]-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 170552-06-4 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | 4-(3-chloro-1-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 1318652-00-4 | C10H15ClO3 |
| —— | rac-(3aR,3a1R,5aR,7aR,8aR)-hexahydro-4H,6H-pentaleno[2,1-b:6,1-b'c']difuran-2,4(3H)-dione | 91492-14-7 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-3,3,8-trimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 23438-20-2 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | t-10-Hydroxy-r-1,7-dioxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-on | 80922-75-4 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (4aR,7aR)-4a-methyl-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2,5-dione | 109120-95-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-oxo-5-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 77756-03-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | [2,2'-Bifuran]-5(2H)-one, hexahydro-, (2R,2'S)-rel- | 19680-00-3 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 15,17-dinor-8,9-secolabdan-8,13-olide | 121943-71-3 | C18H32O2 |
| —— | 4-oxa-1-methyl-5-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6 ]dec-8-en-3one | 56232-42-9 | C12H15NO4 |
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