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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— propan-2-yl (1S,2S,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    propan-2-yl (1S,2S,3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— [(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C18H30O4
    [(2S)-6-methylheptan-2-yl] (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (3R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (3R,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (1E)-1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl tricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane-1-carboxylate —— C17H22O4
    (1E)-1-(2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl tricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C12H22N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H23N3O3
    [(E)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-hexyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— (3aR,6S,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (3aR,6S,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide
    —— (3aS,6S,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (3aS,6S,6aS)-N,N,3a,6a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C15H25N2O3+
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(4-methylpiperazin-4-ium-1-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— pyridin-3-yl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C15H17NO4
    pyridin-3-yl (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1R,4S)-N-[(2S)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3S)-3-cycloheptyloxan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (3S)-3-cycloheptyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-cycloheptyloxan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (3R)-3-cycloheptyloxan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(E)-4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(E)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [(E)-4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S,8R)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H17N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S,8R)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C10H15NO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H17N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,6-dioxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-3-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C10H15NO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— hydroxy-oxo-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphanium —— C4H6O4P+
    hydroxy-oxo-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]phosphanium
    —— (3S)-3-(8-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-hexadecafluorooctyl)oxan-2-one —— C13H7ClF16O2
    (3S)-3-(8-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-hexadecafluorooctyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-(8-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-hexadecafluorooctyl)oxan-2-one —— C13H7ClF16O2
    (3R)-3-(8-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8-hexadecafluorooctyl)oxan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O4
    (1R,5R)-1-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S)-1-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O4
    (1S,5S)-1-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H27N2O4+
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(2-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylethyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O4S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C9H15N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H23N3O2S
    (3R,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H23N3O2S
    (3S,5R)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3S)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2R,3S)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H23N3O2S
    (3R,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H23N3O2S
    (3S,5S)-5-hexyl-3-[2-(5-sulfanylidene-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2S,3S)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (2S,3R)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (2S,3R)-N,N,2-triethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-2,4-diethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-1,8,8-tricarbonitrile —— C14H13N3O2
    (1R,2S,5S)-2,4-diethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-1,8,8-tricarbonitrile
    —— (1R,2R,5S)-2,4-diethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-1,8,8-tricarbonitrile —— C14H13N3O2
    (1R,2R,5S)-2,4-diethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-1,8,8-tricarbonitrile
    —— (4R)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C11H17NO3
    (4R)-N-ethyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17FO5
    methyl 2-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C16H17FO5
    methyl 2-[(2R,3R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C13H15N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-phenyloxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea