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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aR,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (3aR,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (3aR,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate
    —— (3aS,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (3aS,6S,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C10H16O3
    (1R,4S)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3aS,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (3aS,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylic acid
    —— (3aS,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate —— C10H13O4-
    (3aS,6R,6aS)-3a,6a-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-6-carboxylate
    —— (1S,4R)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C10H16O3
    (1S,4R)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO4
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H23NO4
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-4-methyl-4-(3,5,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl)oxetan-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (4R)-4-methyl-4-(3,5,7-trimethyl-1-adamantyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(1-adamantyl)-4-methyloxetan-2-one —— C14H20O2
    (4S)-4-(1-adamantyl)-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (3S,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3S,4R)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C6H7O4-
    (3S,4S)-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C8H14N2O2S
    [(2R,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [(Z)-4-[(3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— dibutyl-[4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C20H36NO3+
    dibutyl-[4-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (3R,5R)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H35NO3
    (3R,5R)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(pentoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— dibutyl-[4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C20H36NO3+
    dibutyl-[4-[(3R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4R)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3S,5S)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H35NO3
    (3S,5S)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— dibutyl-[4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C20H36NO3+
    dibutyl-[4-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea —— C12H21N3O2S
    [(Z)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-butyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (3R,5S)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C20H35NO3
    (3R,5S)-3-[4-(dibutylamino)but-2-ynyl]-5-(propoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (4S)-2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C16H27NO3
    (4R)-2-oxo-N,N-dipropyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    (4R)-N,N-dibutyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (4S)-N-tert-butyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H22N2O6
    [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-1-ium-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H23N2O6+
    [(3R)-2-(nitromethylidene)piperidin-1-ium-3-yl] (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S,4S)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H20O6
    (5R)-5-[(2S,4S)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S,4R)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H20O6
    (5R)-5-[(2S,4R)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-[(2R,4R)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C13H20O6
    (5R)-5-[(2R,4R)-2-hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R,3aS,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (3R,3aS,6aR)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,3aS,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-carbaldehyde —— C8H8O3
    (3S,3aS,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-3-carbaldehyde
    —— [(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate —— C8H14O5S
    [(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl methanesulfonate
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5S)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3E,4R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aR,5R,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— peregrinine 19898-90-9 C20H26O5
    peregrinine
    —— (1R,4R,8S,9R,10R,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione —— C20H26O5
    (1R,4R,8S,9R,10R,12S)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,5-dione
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9F3O3
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— diethyl-[4-[[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methoxy]but-2-ynyl]azanium —— C13H22NO3+
    diethyl-[4-[[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methoxy]but-2-ynyl]azanium
    —— (5S)-5-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynoxymethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H21NO3
    (5S)-5-[4-(diethylamino)but-2-ynoxymethyl]oxolan-2-one