内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(3-Acetoxy-3-methylbutyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone | 110086-95-8 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | methyl (4E,2S-trans)-tetrahydro-4-<iodo(trimethylsilyl)methylene>-5-oxo-2-pentyl-3-furancarboxylic acid | 171016-47-0 | C15H25IO4Si |
| —— | (3aα,8aα)-2-oxooctahydro-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-3α-carboxylic acid | 65652-05-3 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | (1S,6S)-6,8,8-Trimethyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2,4-dione | 16680-24-3 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S,8R)-8-(5-2'-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cis-2-pentenyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one | 223448-51-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R,6R,7R)-4-chloro-6-hydroxy-7-iodo-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 162282-49-7 | C7H8ClIO3 |
| —— | (3E,3aα,6aα)-hexahydro-3<iodo(trimethylsilyl)methylene>-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 115377-16-7 | C11H17IO2Si |
| —— | (E)-α-(1'-chloroethylidene)-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone | 1019264-77-7 | C7H9ClO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,5R,6aS)-3a,4,4-trimethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-ylmethyl ester | 73616-78-1 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 62873-22-7 | C11H14O2 | |
| —— | (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-(1-iodo-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 135677-43-9 | C13H25IO3Si |
| —— | hexahydro-2-oxa-3-methoxy-3-phenylpentalen-1-one | 118577-46-1 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-3-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 859191-29-0 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (+)-(3aR,4R,8bS)-4-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 247937-32-2 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | methyl (3aS,3bR,5S,6aR,7aS)-5-hydroxy-1-oxo-5-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-3a,4,6,6a,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-pentaleno[1,2-c]furan-3b-carboxylate | 203188-68-5 | C16H26O5Si |
| —— | (3R,4R,5R)-methyl 5-benzyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-tetrahydro-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 1246956-40-0 | C15H15F3O4 |
| —— | 15-oxa-dispiro[6.0.6.2]hexadecan-16-one | 51175-28-1 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | 4R-aminomethyl-5S-triisopropylsilanyloxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 848413-93-4 | C15H31NO3Si |
| —— | 1026661-30-2 | C20H32O4 | |
| —— | 5-[1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyethyl]oxolan-2-one | 290833-40-8 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-Phenyl-cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid ((R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl) ester | 138770-18-0 | C17H18O6 |
| —— | 8-O-acetylmonacolin J | 79902-43-5 | C21H30O5 |
| —— | 4-Imino-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 26536-76-5 | C9H13NO4 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-6-methoxy-hexahydro-pyrano[3,4-<i>c</i>]pyran-1-one | 2605-43-8 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6R)-4-methyl-6-phenyl-5-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl]oxan-2-one | 140160-05-0 | C19H23NO3S2 |
| —— | (4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-glyoxylic acid ethyl ester | 99862-16-5 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (S)-4-acetoxy-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one | 133644-77-6 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-7α-hydroxyfrullanolide | 1245716-43-1 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-oxo-3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbothioylsulfanyl)-2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbothioylsulfanylmethyl)-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 577953-30-1 | C18H24N2O5S4 |
| —— | <i>D</i>-<i>threo</i>-<i>L</i>-<i>ido</i>-octonic acid 4-lactone | 5346-80-5 | C8H14O8 |
| —— | 8-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 1411702-69-6 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-9-oxo-4-nonanolide | 685835-23-8 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | {(2R,4S)-2-[(R)-2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl}-acetic acid ethyl ester | 143521-71-5 | C28H38O5Si |
| —— | 1,8-dioxa-2,9-dioxo-3,10-dimethylene cyclotetradecane | 132841-93-1 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 4-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-6-one | 1401441-60-8 | C8H13BrO3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(3S)-3-Cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl]-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 170552-07-5 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | 6β,7β:15β,16β-dimethylene-1α,2α-epoxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone | 95218-12-5 | C24H28O4 |
| —— | (4R,5S,6S,7R,8S,10R)-1-oxo-3,10-epoxy-5-hydroxy-8-methacryloyloxygermacra-2,11(13)-dien-12,6-olide | 1365999-79-6 | C19H22O7 |
| —— | (3E,3aα,6aα)-hexahydro-3-(aziodomethylene)-2H-cyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 155521-69-0 | C8H9N3O2 |
| —— | [(1R,2S,3S,8R,10S)-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxo-7,11-dioxa-6-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecan-10-yl]methyl acetate | 442911-35-5 | C16H25NO6 |
| —— | [4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl)-cyclopent-(E)-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ester | 128593-85-1 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | [1aα(S*),3aβ,6aβ,6bα]-1a-[4-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-1-methylbutyl]hexahydro-2-methylenoxireno[e]benzofuran-5(2H)-one | 66365-22-8 | C20H34O4Si |
| —— | (+)-(3aS,5R,8bR)-5-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 247937-26-4 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 3,4-dibenzyl-5,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid | 102078-20-6 | C20H18O5 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-6,6-pentamethylen-tetrahydropyrandion-(2,4) | 1658-22-6 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3aR*,8S*,8bS*)-3-hydroxymethylene-8-methyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydroindeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one | 198642-01-2 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | rac-(3R,3aS,4S,7R,7aS,8S)-3-butyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methano-3a,7a-(methanooxymethano)indene-1,10-dione | 121256-24-4 | C22H24O3 |
| —— | methyl 4-{(1S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-(1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1-silapropoxy)ethyl]-3-oxo-4-oxanyl}but-2-enoate | 207303-13-7 | C19H34O5Si |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-5-[(R)-1-Azido-2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3,4-bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 200809-90-1 | C24H51N3O5Si3 |
| —— | α-Benzyliden-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 66341-25-1 | C13H14O2 |
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