内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(4-Iodobutyl)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-one | 152667-89-5 | C12H19IO2 |
| —— | (1S<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>,9R<sup>*</sup>,10R<sup>*</sup>)-10-Carbomethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>5,9</sup>>dec-7-en-2-one | 144533-89-1 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (R,S)-5-[(R)-heptyl-(tert-butanesulfinylamino)methyl]furan-2(4H)-one | 1329451-05-9 | C16H31NO3S |
| —— | (E)-methyl 4-(1-chlorohexylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 1392485-24-3 | C12H17ClO4 |
| —— | trans-3-acetyl-4-n-hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 127236-70-8 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | (S)-3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-[(S,E)-1-hydroxy-3-(tributylstannyl)allyl]-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one | 1057675-86-1 | C36H54O4SiSn |
| —— | 3-(1-imino-ethyl)-furan-2,4-dione | 71753-30-5 | C6H7NO3 |
| —— | γ-lactone de l'acide(chloro-2hydroxy-3cyclohexenyl-4)acetique-cis | 78002-59-2 | C8H9ClO2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-2,7-dioxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 874527-12-5 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | 10454-77-0 | C21H28O5 | |
| —— | 8-Methyl-oxocane-2,5-dione | 90482-41-0 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6R,7aS)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-hexyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 86654-38-8 | C22H40O5Si |
| —— | 3-(1,2-dimethyl-propenyl)-3,4,5-trimethyl-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one | 59873-42-6 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-(3-methyl-butyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 22073-06-9 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 3-Ethoxymethyl-5-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-3H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one | 1461-38-7 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | Phosphoric acid diethyl ester 4,4,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 91242-49-8 | C11H21O6P |
| —— | 5-ethoxy-4,5-dihydro-4-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one | 78920-27-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | α-Aethoxalyl-δ-valerolacton-α-phosphonsaeurediaethylester | 2985-89-9 | C13H21O8P |
| —— | 4,4-Dipropyl-2-methylsulfonyl-γ-butyrolacton | 67472-96-2 | C11H20O4S |
| —— | (4ar,7ac,4'R)-4'-ethyl-1,5'-dioxo-octahydro-spiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7,2'-furan]-4t-carboxylic acid | 109406-38-4 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | 6-phenyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 143459-17-0 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | ((E)-6-Dec-1-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 115476-42-1 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | opt.-inakt. 5-Aethoxy-3,4-dimethyl-3-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 3524-96-7 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-oxo-11β(S)H-4,10(1)-guaiadien-6α(S),12-olide | 5986-46-9 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 1-(2-propenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,8-dione | 74106-37-9 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (3S,5R,6R)-3,5-Dimethyl-6-((R)-1-phenylselanyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 156474-43-0 | C15H20O2Se |
| —— | (Z)-4-methyl-5-undecylidene-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1187330-33-1 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | thuggacin B bisacetonide | 1027320-81-5 | C41H61NO7S |
| —— | [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoate | 79902-52-6 | C24H33F3O5 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-butyl-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one | 34565-37-2 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (E)-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-[triethylsilyloxy(phenyl)methyl]-1-(2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)pent-1-ene | 1046789-70-1 | C24H37NO5Si |
| —— | Decanoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-49-1 | C35H60O5Si |
| —— | (3aS)-7t-(2,3-dioxo-butyl)-6c-hydroxy-3c,6t-dimethyl-(3ar,8at)-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2,8-dione | 101499-92-7 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,5aS,9S,9aS,9bR)-3-hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyloctahydro-4H-spiro[naphtho[1,2-b]furan-8,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-2(3H)-one | 1354536-50-7 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | 8-bromo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 90084-75-6 | C7H9BrO2 |
| —— | 2,2-Dichloro-4-trimethylsilyl-gamma-butyrolactone | 127832-92-2 | C7H12Cl2O2Si |
| —— | (1R,1α,3α)-6,6-Dimethyl-4-<2-tert-butoxy-2-oxo-1-(tert-butylsulfonyl)ethyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one | 130051-19-3 | C17H28O6S |
| —— | 2-(5-Butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 21024-23-7 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-2-(3-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[(2R,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanal | 1089205-92-4 | C21H31BrO4Si |
| —— | 415915-79-6 | C17H32O5S | |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29739-09-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-butyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 23296-99-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-propionyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1342897-13-5 | C13H16O3S |
| —— | α-(2-Oxopyrrolidinomethyl)-α-carbethoxy-δ-hydroxy-γ-valerolacton | 36109-72-5 | C13H19NO6 |
| —— | (3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranyl) 2-methyl-3-oxo-1-cyclopentene-1-(2-diazoacetate) | 152979-08-3 | C14H16N2O5 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-5-phenylmethyl-(3R,5S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 321868-48-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 1-Dehydroxy-1-oxo-hexahydro-protogentiogenin | 94521-45-6 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | Pentanoic acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 80344-40-7 | C24H36O5 |
| —— | 11,13-dehydrolumisantonin | 1187242-81-4 | C15H16O3 |
| —— | (S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylthio)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1378531-92-0 | C6H10O3S |
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