摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C14H21NO4
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (6S)-5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H20O3S
    (6S)-5,5-diethyl-3,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,4R)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H19NO3
    (1R,4R)-N,N,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,1aR,3aS,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    (1S,1aR,3aS,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (1R,1aR,3aS,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one —— C12H16O2
    (1R,1aR,3aS,7aR)-1-ethyl-1-methyl-1a,3a,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c][2]benzofuran-3-one
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C12H16F3NO3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H31NO3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N,N-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H21NO3
    (1S,4S)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25N3O3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C12H20N2O3
    (1S,4S)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— Majorynolide —— C17H26O3
    Majorynolide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C20H21N3O3
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N,N-dipyridin-2-yl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C24H34N2O6
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H10O2
    (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C7H10O2
    (1R,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2S)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(2R)-2-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 10-[(E)-2-[(2S,3S)-3-[(Z)-but-2-enyl]oxiran-2-yl]vinyl]oxecan-2-one —— C17H26O3
    10-[(E)-2-[(2S,3S)-3-[(Z)-but-2-enyl]oxiran-2-yl]vinyl]oxecan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1R,5R,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1R,5S,8S)-8-(bromomethyl)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H4Br2O3
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H4Br2O3
    (3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H4Br2O3
    (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H16F3NO4
    (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C25H38N2O6
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C11H15NO4
    (1R,5R)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H25NO3
    (1S,4S)-N-cyclohexyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4S)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO3
    (1S,4S)-N,N-diethyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C25H38N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5R)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    (1S,5R)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5S)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C12H17NO4
    (1R,5S)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5R)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C12H17NO4
    (1S,5R)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5R)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1R,5R)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C11H15NO4
    (1R,5S)-5,8,8-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1<sup>1</sup>-bromo-(+)-camphoric acid )-anhydride —— C10H13BrO3
    (1<sup>1</sup>-bromo-(+)-camphoric acid )-anhydride
    —— (1R,5R,8R)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H12Br2O3
    (1R,5R,8R)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1R,5S)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5S)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    (1S,5S)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5S)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C12H17NO4
    (1S,5S)-N,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,5S)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    (1R,5S)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H13BrO3
    (1S,5R)-1-(bromomethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S,8S)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H12Br2O3
    (1R,5S,8S)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5R)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO4
    (1R,5R)-N,N,5,8,8-pentamethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2R,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O4
    (1S,2R,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,5R,8S)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione —— C10H12Br2O3
    (1R,5R,8S)-1,8-bis(bromomethyl)-8-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione