内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5α-Hydroxy-9-methyl-3-oxo-3,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-naphth-6α-yl)-essigsaeure-lacton | 94502-98-4 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 3-bromo-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 408327-10-6 | C11H9BrO3 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)dihydrofuran-2-one | 1333401-27-6 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-5-ethyl-5-methyl-3-propan-2-ylidenefuran-2(3H)-one | 97411-33-1 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-oxa-6-aza-spiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione | 52045-95-1 | C5H5NO3 |
| —— | 2,4,5,6,7,7aα-hexahydro-4β-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-6α-methoxycarbonyl-6β-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 81470-26-0 | C17H28O5Si |
| —— | 81678-02-6 | C20H28O3 | |
| —— | 3β-hydroxy-18:20-epoxy-pregn-5-ene-18-one | 60325-73-7 | C21H30O3 |
| —— | cis-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrophthalide-d6 | 89614-25-5 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (R)-5,5-Dimethyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-80-2 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | glucuronic acid-3-lactone oxime | 60114-65-0 | C6H9NO6 |
| —— | (3aR,7aR)-3a-Phenyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2,6-dione | 115362-27-1 | C14H14O3 |
| —— | 62151-40-0 | C14H20O3 | |
| —— | 2t-Chlor-3t-methyl-cyclopropan-1r,2c-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 63751-91-7 | C6H5ClO3 |
| —— | endo-cis-2-(α-Hydroxy-isopropyl)-3,6-endo-ethylen-cyclohexan-1-carbonsaeure-lacton | 92904-14-8 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (E)-15-oxy-4-oxa-15-azabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-6,11(15)-dien-3-one | 329005-57-4 | C13H19NO3 |
| —— | rel-(4R,5S,6R)-dihydro-5-(1-iodoethyl)-5-methyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2(3H)-furanone | 81357-36-0 | C13H25IO3Si |
| —— | Oxalic acid 1-[(3S,5S)-5-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl ester methyl ester | 191152-32-6 | C27H34O7Si |
| —— | 6-Hydroxy-1,6-dimethyl-norbornan-2,3-dicarbonsaeure-3-methylester-2-lacton | 92723-47-2 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 4-ethoxy-3,4-(methylenedioxy)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone | 57197-24-7 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | 1228699-45-3 | C17H22O6 | |
| —— | 1206128-36-0 | C11H16O5 | |
| —— | 4-Hydroxymethyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[3.3.3.01,5]undecan-3-one | 111917-20-5 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | 5-methoxy-6-oxaspiro<3.4>octan-7-one | 111728-64-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-7-Methyl-7-[4-methyl-5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentyl]-oxepan-2-one | 76638-23-8 | C18H32O4 |
| —— | (3-(1-methylamino)ethylidene)furan-2,4(5H)-dione | 1254960-39-8 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | 2,3,3aβ,4,5,6,7,7aβ-octahydro-4β-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-6α-methoxycarbonyl-6β-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 81470-27-1 | C17H30O5Si |
| —— | 3,5-Dioxo-2,6-dioxa-tricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>4,9</sup>>decan | 61380-99-2 | C8H8O4 |
| —— | 5,11,17-Triiodo-1,7,13-trioxa-cyclooctadecane-2,8,14-trione | 129352-53-0 | C15H21I3O6 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,4aR,9aS)-4-Methyl-octahydro-5-oxa-cyclopenta[1,4]cyclobuta[1,2]cyclohepten-6-one | 82026-43-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-cyclooctan-1-carbonsaeure-lacton | 3318-95-4 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 17928-86-8 | C16H22O7 | |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-[3-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propyl]-furan-2,4-dione | 115191-83-8 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | bicyclo <2.4.0>-octa-1,3-dimethyl-2,3-pentan-9-methylene-8,10-butan-diolide | 127702-68-5 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (6a)-7c-Acetoxy-3-oxo-6ar-methyl-(4atH.9atH.9bcH)-1.2.3.4a.5.6.6a.7.8.9.9a.9b-dodecahydro-cyclopenta<f><1>benzopyran | 96987-28-9 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | '3,5,5-Tris-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-desoxy-patulinsaeurelacton-diacetat-(5,5)' | 100973-14-6 | C14H18O8 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-phenylpropyl)cyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone | 1259025-92-7 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | (-)-(1'R)-(1α,2β,3β,4α,6α)-6-azido-1-O-(-)-camphanoyl-2-O,3-N-carbonyl-4-O-methyl-3-(methylamino)-1,2,4-cyclohexanetriol | 121811-69-6 | C19H26N4O7 |
| —— | (1,4,5,8-tetrahydro-naphthalene-4a,8a-diyl)-bis-acetic acid anhydride | 15529-31-4 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 1228243-18-2 | C24H29NO5 | |
| —— | DL-1β-(2-Acetoxy-aethyl)-2α-(2-acetoxy-propyl)-4β-hydroxy-4bβ-methyl-7-keto-1,2,3,4,4aα,4b,5,6,7,8,8aβ,9,10,10aβ-perhydrophenanthren-2β-carbonsaeure-(2->4)-lacton | 107800-26-0 | C25H36O7 |
| —— | (R)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxocyclobutoxy)-dihydro-4,4-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one | 1251553-95-3 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-6,6-pentamethylen-tetrahydro-2H-pyrandion-(2,4) | 1481-77-2 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | α-Hydroxyimino-γ-methylbutyrolacton | 3620-29-9 | C5H7NO3 |
| —— | 3-cyclohexyl-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100053-07-4 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Di-O-methyl-D-fuconsaeure-lacton-(1,4) | 886748-87-4 | C8H14O5 |
| —— | 2-Trimethylsilylethyl (1R,2S,4S,5S)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-oxacyclopent-3-en-3-yl)-4-methoxy-5-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate | 188472-63-1 | C18H30O7Si |
| —— | 1248590-01-3 | C10H15NO3 | |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-5-oxo-2-methyl-2-isopropyl-capronsaeure-lacton | 91057-61-3 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 3β,20(R)-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-18-oic acid γ-lactone | 1238-51-3 | C21H32O3 |
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