内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1186199-87-0 | C17H27BrO4 | |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(2R)-5-ethenyl-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 116159-18-3 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3-methylene-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 86289-71-6 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 4-carboxy-1,3-bis(α-chloro-α-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diphenylcyclopentaneacetic acid di-γ-lactone | 80716-64-9 | C34H26Cl2O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-5-methyl-6-((E)-propenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 713141-54-9 | C25H32O3Si |
| —— | 2,2-Dibutyl-7-phenyl-[1,3,6,8,2]dioxadithiastannecane-4,10-dione | 3231-90-1 | C19H28O4S2Sn |
| —— | 5-(8-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyoctyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1310969-61-9 | C19H36O3Si |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-propionic acid 2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-[1,3,2]dioxasilolan-2-yl ester | 20044-05-7 | C7H12O7Si |
| —— | (-)-trans-α,β-Diaethyl-butyrolacton | 92419-10-8 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | (S)-3-methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)oxetan-2-one | 1357488-15-3 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 4-Trichloromethyl-3-triethylsilanyl-oxetan-2-one | 67354-09-0 | C10H17Cl3O2Si |
| —— | 1,6-O,O-diacetyl-(E)-13-(4-methoxyphenyl)britannilactone | 1613152-48-9 | C26H32O7 |
| —— | 2-Methylene-3-(2'-hydroxycyclooctyl)propanoic Acid, δ-Lactone (Cis-Isomer) | 128243-18-5 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 5-Allylsulfanylmethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 139022-64-3 | C10H14O4S |
| —— | 3-Oxo-4-phenylselenodecan-9-olid | 64648-79-9 | C16H20O3Se |
| —— | allophanyl-2 (methyl-3 butyl)-2 γ-valerolactone | 115976-96-0 | C12H20N2O4 |
| —— | α-(penta-1,2-dien-3-yl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-24-7 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (2-Methyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester | 121557-47-9 | C11H15NO5S |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carbaldehyde | 89898-30-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 3-(Diethyl-methyl-silanyl)-4-trichloromethyl-oxetan-2-one | 67354-08-9 | C9H15Cl3O2Si |
| —— | 5-Isopropyl-3-methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57735-33-8 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3-Spiro-2'-(5',5'-dimethyl-1',3'-dioxolan-4'-on)-1-azabicyclo<2,2,2>octanium-jodid | 40064-25-3 | C12H20NO3*I |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-3,5,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 131469-83-5 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4aS,5S,9S,9aR)-9-Hydroxy-9-(1-hydroxymethyl-vinyl)-5-isopropyl-4a,9a-dimethyl-1,3a,4,4a,5,6,9,9a-octahydro-3-oxa-cyclopenta[f]azulene-2,7-dione | 1179807-55-6 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-α-Acetylpyrocin | 63832-23-5 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 8-tert-Butyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 62359-79-9 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (4R,6S,7S)-1,5,5,7-Tetrachloro-4,6-dihydroxy-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 65514-32-1 | C6H4Cl4O4 |
| —— | {(S)-2-Cyclohexyl-1-[(2R,4S)-4-(2-methyl-allyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 708211-23-8 | C21H35NO4 |
| —— | (5Z,13E)-(8R,11R,12R,15R)-1-[(N-Methanesulfonyl)-carbamoyloxy]-9-oxo-19-methyl-5,13,18-prostatriene-11,15-diol | 66478-15-7 | C23H37NO7S |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4S,9aR,9bR)-4-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-octahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-carbaldehyde | 131870-95-6 | C15H16O5 |
| —— | 1-methyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 65652-08-6 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 1263205-84-0 | C24H27Br2F3O5 | |
| —— | 1186199-86-9 | C16H25BrO5 | |
| —— | (2S,6S,7S,9S,15R)-15-Methyl-15-((S)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-2,9-diphenyl-1,8,13,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecan-14-one | 220691-03-2 | C30H34O7 |
| —— | (6αH)-2β-hydroxy-12-oxatricyclo<6.3.2.0<sup>1.6</sup>>tridecane-13-one | 108334-94-7 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 128145-16-4 | C17H20O6 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (5S,6R)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 68821-12-5 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (1R,4R,5R)-4-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 126788-76-9 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | (1R,6R,7R)-5-Methyl-12-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodeca-2,4-dien-11-one | 61634-49-9 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S,10R)-4-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-10-methyloxecane-2,7-dione | 1195113-96-2 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 143537-36-4 | C20H26O4 | |
| —— | Phenyl-acetic acid (4S,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylmethyl ester | 117592-31-1 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | 66500-80-9 | C13H20O3 | |
| —— | (8α,9β,14β)-11α-carboxy-11β,13β-(γ-lactone)-3-methoxy-17β-vinylgona-1,3,5(10)-triene (5,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranos-3-yl) ester | 1107647-68-6 | C31H38O10 |
| —— | 4,4,5,5,9-Pentamethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecane-1,3-dione | 66947-27-1 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | 64086-66-4 | C17H24O3 | |
| —— | β-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 29924-37-6 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (5R,10R)-(-)-10-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-7-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-6-one | 117711-43-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6aR,7aS,8R,11aS,11bS,11cS)-11c-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3,8,11a-trimethyl-3a,6a,7,7a,8,9,10,11a,11b,11c-decahydro-3H,4H-6-oxa-benzo[de]anthracene-5,11-dione | 149400-13-5 | C36H46O4Si |
| —— | (+)-(R)-4-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1612796-97-0 | C11H20O2 |
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