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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxybenzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 143746-96-7 C32H46O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxybenzyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-18-3 C27H44O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-<1(S)-hydroxyethyl>-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-03-6 C25H40O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8-oxo-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 136432-04-7 C25H42O5Si
    6(R)-<2-<8(R)-hydroxy-2(S),6(S)-dimethyl-7(S)-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)>ethyl>-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3aα,7α)-(+/-)-3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-5-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-cyclohepta<c>furan-1-one 118575-65-8 C16H16O2
    (3aα,7α)-(+/-)-3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-5-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-cyclohepta<c>furan-1-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S,8S)-6-methenyl-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one 172017-99-1 C16H24O5
    (1S,4S,5S,8S)-6-methenyl-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1169843-03-1 C7H12O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S,4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1169843-01-9 C8H14O4
    (3S,4S,5S)-5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6,10-dimethoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione 1413765-58-8 C11H12O5
    6,10-dimethoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
    —— 4α-hydroxyguaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide 122585-81-3 C15H20O3
    4α-hydroxyguaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,8α-olide
    —— 6-(1-methylethylidene)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1240519-20-3 C10H12O2
    6-(1-methylethylidene)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— tannunolide B 110210-00-9 C15H18O2
    tannunolide B
    —— (11S)-guaia-1(10),3-dieno-12,6α-lactone 38236-18-9 C15H20O2
    (11S)-guaia-1(10),3-dieno-12,6α-lactone
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-1αH,6αH,11α-guai-4-enolide 175671-77-9 C21H38O4Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-1αH,6αH,11α-guai-4-enolide
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-hydroxy-1αH,6αH-guai-4-enolide 175671-78-0 C21H38O5Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-hydroxy-1αH,6αH-guai-4-enolide
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-methoxyethoxymethoxy-1αH,6αH-guai-4-enolide 175671-79-1 C25H46O7Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-methoxyethoxymethoxy-1αH,6αH-guai-4-enolide
    —— (3S,3aS,8R,9aR,9bS)-8-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one 82206-93-7 C15H20O3
    (3S,3aS,8R,9aR,9bS)-8-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11β-methoxyethoxymethoxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide 175479-80-8 C25H46O7Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11β-methoxyethoxymethoxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide
    —— 3-oxo-1,7,10αH,6,11βH-guai-4-en-6,12-olide 5986-47-0 C15H20O3
    3-oxo-1,7,10αH,6,11βH-guai-4-en-6,12-olide
    —— 3β,10α-dihydroxy-1αH,6βH,11α-guai-4-enolide 175671-74-6 C15H22O4
    3β,10α-dihydroxy-1αH,6βH,11α-guai-4-enolide
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-1αH,6βH,11α-guai-4-enolide 175479-78-4 C21H38O4Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-1αH,6βH,11α-guai-4-enolide
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11β-hydroxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide 175479-79-5 C21H38O5Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11β-hydroxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide
    —— [(3S,3aS,6R,6aR,8S,9bS)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl] acetate 125425-78-7 C17H24O5
    [(3S,3aS,6R,6aR,8S,9bS)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-yl] acetate
    —— (3S,3aS,6R,6aS,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione 1618-98-0 C15H20O4
    (3S,3aS,6R,6aS,9bS)-6-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,4,5,6a,7,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,8S,8aS,8bS)-5a-ethenyl-3,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione 196871-08-6 C15H20O3
    (3S,3aS,5aR,8S,8aS,8bS)-5a-ethenyl-3,8-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8,8a,8b-octahydrocyclopenta[g][1]benzofuran-2,7-dione
    —— 3-(2-Methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)propyl acetate 1380424-80-5 C10H16O4
    3-(2-Methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)propyl acetate
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-n-heptanoic acid δ-lactone 169336-01-0 C9H16O3
    (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-n-heptanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— 2-ethylheptan-4-olide 484682-14-6 C9H16O2
    2-ethylheptan-4-olide
    —— (7E,11R,13S)-13-methoxy-2,7,10,10-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(14),7-diene-3,9-dione 1242418-85-4 C18H26O5
    (7E,11R,13S)-13-methoxy-2,7,10,10-tetramethyl-4,15-dioxabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(14),7-diene-3,9-dione
    —— 2-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid 41645-26-5 C7H10O4
    2-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,5S,8S)-8-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-8-methyl-2-methylen-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 1039740-22-1 C13H20O4
    (1R,5S,8S)-8-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-8-methyl-2-methylen-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 2α-Hydroxyfriedelolactone 107011-85-8 C30H50O3
    2α-Hydroxyfriedelolactone
    —— (2R,3R)-3-vinyl-4-(2',2'-dimethoxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 144461-10-9 C10H16O4
    (2R,3R)-3-vinyl-4-(2',2'-dimethoxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone 55232-21-8 C6H10O2
    (R)-2-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-2-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone 119066-25-0 C6H10O2
    (S)-2-Propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (R)-5-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 54656-51-8 C6H10O3
    (R)-5-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one 10413-18-0 C7H12O2
    (5S)-5,6-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (4aS,7aS)-(-)-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one 441017-00-1 C8H12O2
    (4aS,7aS)-(-)-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one
    —— (6R)-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 148586-29-2 C6H8O3
    (6R)-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— cis-octahydrocycloocta<b>furan-2(3H)-one 19296-86-7 C10H16O2
    cis-octahydrocycloocta<b>furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxo-heptan-5-olide 201054-28-6 C15H28O4Si
    (2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-7-oxo-heptan-5-olide
    —— (3S,3aR,7S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1256453-95-8 C13H18O2
    (3S,3aR,7S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-2-oxo-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 528587-74-8 C12H12O2
    (1S,5R)-2-oxo-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
    —— (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,8E)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4,8-trienyl]oxan-2-one 1010440-91-1 C29H54O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,8E)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4,8-trienyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,8Z)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4,8-trienyl]oxan-2-one 1010440-90-0 C29H54O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,2E,4E,6R,8Z)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-9-trimethylsilyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4,8-trienyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3,7-dimethyl-6-(oxiran-2-yl)-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one 1015071-48-3 C13H18O3
    3a,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-3,7-dimethyl-6-(oxiran-2-yl)-3H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2(7H)-one
    —— (3S,3aS,7S,8aR)-3-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1256454-17-7 C13H17BrO2
    (3S,3aS,7S,8aR)-3-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aR)-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1256454-18-8 C13H16O2
    (3aR,7S,8aR)-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aS,7S,8aR)-3-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1256454-16-6 C13H17BrO2
    (3R,3aS,7S,8aR)-3-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-6-vinyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-2-oxo-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 528587-69-1 C11H9FO2
    (1S,5R)-2-oxo-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane