内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,2S)-6-Cyano-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-on | 98926-41-1 | C9H11NO3 |
| —— | 5-((5-(trimethylsilyl)penta-2,4-diyn-1-yl)oxy)oxepan-2-one | 1467100-95-3 | C14H20O3Si |
| —— | (Z)-5-benzylidene-3-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1451053-24-9 | C20H16O2 |
| —— | 116012-94-3 | C10H14O4S | |
| —— | β-Pentyliden-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-52-4 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (6aS,7aS,11aS,11bS,11cS)-3,11a-Dimethyl-2,5-dioxo-1,4,5,6a,7,7a,8,9,11a,11b-decahydro-2H-6-oxa-benzo[de]anthracene-11c-carbonitrile | 89827-73-6 | C19H21NO3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (7R,7aR)-7-acetoxy-3-oxo-1,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-4-yl ester | 79679-04-2 | C12H14O6 |
| —— | α-isopropyl-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol-2) acetic acid lactone (trans) | 88534-02-5 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,3'R)-2,2'-Dioxo-octahydro-[3,3']bifuranyl-4-carboxylic acid | 90536-87-1 | C9H10O6 |
| —— | 3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,5,6,6a,7,8,9b-octahydro-azuleno[4,5-<i>b</i>]furan-2,4-dione | 108972-09-4 | C15H20O3 |
| —— | 8-Hydroxy-5-methyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[10.2.1.02,11]pentadec-13-ene-3,10-dione | 97424-46-9 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(azido(furan-3-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449292-07-2 | C9H9N3O3 |
| —— | 13-n-Butyl-1,11-dioxa-4,8-dithiacyclotetradecan-12,14-dion | 71637-47-3 | C14H24O4S2 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,4aS,8aS)-3-oxo-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-isochromen-1-ylmethyl ester | 96422-84-3 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-9-Hydroxymethyl-8-oxa-1,4-dithia-spiro[4.5]decan-7-one | 96423-87-9 | C8H12O3S2 |
| —— | N-methoxycarbonyl-(2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexenyl)glycinelactone | 120346-29-4 | C10H13NO4 |
| —— | cis-6,9-dimethyl-1-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-8-one | 116608-43-6 | C16H30O3Si |
| —— | 1-chloro-endo-6-methoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-3-oxatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>5,10</sup>>decane-2,2'-spiroadamantane | 120031-68-7 | C20H25ClO4 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 19909-92-3 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (3aR,5R,6aR)-(+)-5-Methansulfonsaeure-(2-oxo-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta(b)furan-5-yl)ester | 151910-96-2 | C8H12O5S |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-oxa-3-aza-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 33802-38-9 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl]oxolan-2-one | 78986-60-4 | C9H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,5R,8S)-1-[(Z)-(S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-iodo-hept-6-enyl]-8-((Z)-2-iodo-vinyl)-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 127762-06-5 | C22H36I2O3Si |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-16-methyl-14-oxo-14,15-seco-androsta-5,15-dien-18-oic acid-lactone | 114381-48-5 | C22H28O5 |
| —— | (R)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-3-phenylselanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 114114-08-8 | C12H14O3Se |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5β,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dimethyl-3,8-diphenyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-31-6 | C21H20O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,3aβ,6aβ,3'aR<sup>*</sup>,6'aR<sup>*</sup>)-3,3'(2H,2H')-spirobi<cyclopenta<b>furan>-2,2'-dione | 94842-36-1 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | ((3aR,7R,7aR)-2-Oxo-7-phenylselanyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester | 131165-73-6 | C18H25O5PSe |
| —— | (3R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>,7S<sup>*</sup>)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methylnonanoic acid δ-lactone | 113778-52-2 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (E)-4-ethylidene-2-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-3-one | 113495-41-3 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-21-acetoxy-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-16ξ-ethoxy-11β,14-dihydroxy-20-oxo-16,17-seco-14α-pregna-5,15-dien-18-oic acid-11-lactone of Mp.: 192-196 degree | 133326-32-6 | C27H36O9 |
| —— | N-tert-Butyl-2-<2-(tert-butyliminomethyl)-3-oxobicyclo<2.2.1>hept-2-yl>-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-carboxamid | 122901-78-4 | C24H36N2O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-4<i>t</i>,4A-dihydroxy-(4a<i>r</i>,4a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-naphthalene-1<i>t</i>,2<i>t</i>-dicarboxylic acid-2=>4-lactone-1-methyl ester | 100619-88-3 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | 1-acetyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-7-pentyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one | 123518-11-6 | C16H26O3 |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7S,8aR)-7-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-6-methyl-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 161029-68-1 | C26H34O3Si |
| —— | 869338-61-4 | C52H100O8Si3 | |
| —— | (5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxypropyl]oxolan-2-one | 82242-84-0 | C13H26O3Si |
| —— | 2-((1S)-1-carboxy-5-methyl-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-2exo-yl)-2-methyl-propionic acid-anhydride | 3878-00-0 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 56517-99-8 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 6-methyl-6-(prop-2-ynyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391710-59-0 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 4,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 92912-00-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (S)-methyl 2-hydroxy-2-((R)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-phenylacetate | 1279018-32-4 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | 4,4'-Diisobutyl-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 35331-19-2 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (4S,4aS,8aR)-4,8a-Dimethyl-hexahydro-isochromene-3,8-dione | 89665-34-9 | C11H16O3 |
| —— | methyl (1R*,5R*,6R*)-octahydro-4a-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-4,9a-ethanocyclohepta<c>pyran-1-one | 124355-62-0 | C13H20O3 |
| —— | α-Isopropyl-δ-methyl-δ-hydroxy-γ-caprolacton | 91007-13-5 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 122901-68-2 | C9H14NO3 | |
| —— | 13α-Isopropyl-13β-hydroxy-podocarpan-8-carbonsaeure-lacton | 89126-24-9 | C21H34O2 |
| —— | (3a<i>R</i>)-1<i>c</i>,2<i>c</i>-epoxy-3a,6<i>t</i>,7<i>t</i>-trihydroxy-5<i>c</i>-isopropyl-7a-methyl-(3a<i>r</i>,7a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-indane-1<i>t</i>,4<i>t</i>-dicarboxylic acid-4=>7-lactone | 40170-41-0 | C15H20O7 |
| —— | (E)-dihydro-3-carbomethoxymethylene-4,5,5-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 72163-25-8 | C10H14O4 |
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