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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one 32821-70-8 C8H14O2
    3-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 11,19-Dioxaundecacyclo[11.11.0.02,22.03,10.04,21.05,9.06,20.07,16.08,14.015,24.017,23]tetracos-2(22)-ene-12,18-dione 120497-69-0 C22H18O4
    11,19-Dioxaundecacyclo[11.11.0.02,22.03,10.04,21.05,9.06,20.07,16.08,14.015,24.017,23]tetracos-2(22)-ene-12,18-dione
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-(3H)-furan-2-one 29043-97-8 C7H10O2
    4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylene-(3H)-furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6aS)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 133268-26-5 C7H8O2
    (3aR,6aS)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-propyloxolan-2-one 295796-51-9 C8H14O3
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-5-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 58557-30-5 C8H12O2
    3-methylene-5-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-5-propyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 88270-38-6 C7H12O2
    (R)-5-propyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-butyl-3-(phenylselanyl)oxolan-2-one 1432518-81-4 C14H18O2Se
    5-butyl-3-(phenylselanyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-5-ethyl-4-iodooxolan-2-one 154145-12-7 C6H9IO2
    (4R,5S)-5-ethyl-4-iodooxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(but-1’-en-4’-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 26524-72-1 C8H12O2
    5-(but-1’-en-4’-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-capronsaeurelacton 14668-68-9 C8H14O2
    2-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-capronsaeurelacton
    —— 2-bromo-4-ethyl-4-butyrolactone 318488-78-7 C6H9BrO2
    2-bromo-4-ethyl-4-butyrolactone
    —— 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-δ-valerolactone 247246-44-2 C7H12O3
    5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— chaetomugilin D 1098081-38-9 C23H27ClO6
    chaetomugilin D
    —— (2S,5R)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-δ-valerolactone 118648-47-8 C6H10O3
    (2S,5R)-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (R)-6-allyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 214335-61-2 C8H12O2
    (R)-6-allyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one 73372-24-4 C12H14O2
    dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S,4'S,5'R)-5-<3'-<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>-4'-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidin-5'-yl>-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 122226-06-6 C23H39NO5
    (5S,4'S,5'R)-5-<3'-<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>-4'-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidin-5'-yl>-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanoxy)-5-[octa-2(Z),5(E)-dienyl]-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 329010-28-8 C28H36O3Si
    (4R,5R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanoxy)-5-[octa-2(Z),5(E)-dienyl]-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone 130752-81-7 C9H18O2Si
    3-<β-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl>tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 3-(trifluoromethyl)glutaric anhydride 4759-65-3 C6H5F3O3
    3-(trifluoromethyl)glutaric anhydride
    —— 5-benzyl-5-methyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone 129055-67-0 C12H14O2
    5-benzyl-5-methyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone
    —— 3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6(3H)-dione 91492-10-3 C9H12O3
    3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,6(3H)-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 86117-01-3 C13H16O3
    (4R,6R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2,6,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 4703-74-6 C10H14O4
    2,6,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
    —— 1,5,5-trimethyl-2,6-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 52866-70-3 C9H14O3
    1,5,5-trimethyl-2,6-dioxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— 4-(5-methylsulfonyloxypentyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one 133568-29-3 C10H18O5S
    4-(5-methylsulfonyloxypentyl)oxacyclopentan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,4R)-2-exo-cyano-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2-endo-yl(1S)-camphanate 88764-13-0 C17H19NO5
    (1R,2R,4R)-2-exo-cyano-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2-endo-yl(1S)-camphanate
    —— 6-(phenylselanyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 65234-92-6 C13H14O2Se
    6-(phenylselanyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— α-bromomethyl-γ-butyrolactone 86953-39-1 C5H7BrO2
    α-bromomethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-(4-Phenyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-one 133570-25-9 C16H18O2
    4-(4-Phenyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-one
    —— N-hexyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide 1345964-00-2 C11H19NO3
    N-hexyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamide
    —— (+/-)-epi-blastmycinolactol 90410-19-8 C9H16O3
    (+/-)-epi-blastmycinolactol
    —— 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 42400-32-8 C6H10O5
    2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-galactonic acid lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-galactonic acid lactone
    —— coprinuslactone 98716-99-5 C6H8O3
    coprinuslactone
    —— D-gulonolactone 1192061-34-9 C6H10O6
    D-gulonolactone
    —— D-idono-1,4-lactone 161168-87-2 C6H10O6
    D-idono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-Allono-γ-lacton 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-Allono-γ-lacton
    —— L-gulono-1,4-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    L-gulono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-galactono-1,4-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-galactono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-gulonic acid-δ-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-gulonic acid-δ-lactone
    —— D-Glucarsaeure-3,6-lacton 389-36-6 C6H8O7
    D-Glucarsaeure-3,6-lacton
    —— 2-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one 194030-24-5 C8H12O3
    2-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one
    —— galactaro-1,4-lactone —— C6H8O7
    galactaro-1,4-lactone
    —— D-glucaro-1,4-lactone 389-36-6 C6H8O7
    D-glucaro-1,4-lactone
    —— methyl D-glucarate-6,3-lactone 155976-55-9 C7H10O7
    methyl D-glucarate-6,3-lactone
    —— <i>DL</i>-allaric acid-1=>4-lactone 389-36-6 C6H8O7
    <i>DL</i>-allaric acid-1=>4-lactone
    —— L-guluronic aicd-3-lactone 14474-04-5 C6H8O6
    L-guluronic aicd-3-lactone
    —— D-mannuronic acid-3-lactone 7424-09-1 C6H8O6
    D-mannuronic acid-3-lactone