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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1R,4S)-1-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C15H21NO3
    (1R,4S)-1-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carbonyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one —— C7H8O2
    (1S,5S)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— 2-[(5S,6S)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-[(5S,6S)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid
    —— (1R,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one —— C7H8O2
    (1R,5R)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H14F6O3
    (3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H14F6O3
    (3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H14F6O3
    (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-pentyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[[(5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N3O3
    (3E)-3-[[(5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[[(5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C11H17N3O3
    (3E)-3-[[(5R)-5-(2-methylpropoxy)-4,5-dihydrotriazol-1-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-bromo-3-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H10Br2O2
    (3R)-3-bromo-3-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-3-[(R)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H10Br2O2
    (3S)-3-bromo-3-[(R)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-bromo-3-[(R)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H10Br2O2
    (3R)-3-bromo-3-[(R)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-bromo-3-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H10Br2O2
    (3S)-3-bromo-3-[(S)-bromo(phenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[Hydroxy-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)phosphoryl]propanoic acid —— C7H11O6P
    3-[Hydroxy-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)phosphoryl]propanoic acid
    —— (4S,5R)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20O3
    (4S,5R)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4R,5R)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20O3
    (4R,5R)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20O3
    (4S,5S)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C17H20O3
    (4R,5S)-5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (5R)-3,3-dibenzyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C24H22O2
    (5R)-3,3-dibenzyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(5-Oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinato]propanoate —— C7H9O6P-2
    3-[(5-Oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinato]propanoate
    —— 6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C14H15FO3
    6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (3S,8S)-3,8-bis(chloromethyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione —— C9H10Cl2O4
    (3S,8S)-3,8-bis(chloromethyl)-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione
    —— (3Z,5S)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H11NO3
    (3Z,5S)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3Z,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C8H11NO3
    (3Z,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C16H18O2
    (5R,6R)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (1R,2S,3R,6S,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one —— C15H22O5
    (1R,2S,3R,6S,8R,11R,14S)-14-hydroxy-2,3,13,13-tetramethyl-7,10,12-trioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.02,8.06,8]tetradecan-9-one
    —— (5S,6R)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C16H18O2
    (5S,6R)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (5R,6S)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C16H18O2
    (5R,6S)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (5S,6S)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one —— C16H18O2
    (5S,6S)-3-methylidene-6-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— (3aS,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H12O2
    (3aS,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,8aR)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H12O2
    (3aS,8aR)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one —— C10H12O2
    (3aR,8aS)-3-methylidene-4,5,6,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one —— C11H14O2
    (1S,5R)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one —— C11H14O2
    (1R,5R)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one
    —— (6S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidene-6-phenyloxan-2-one —— C14H16O2
    (6S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidene-6-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— (1S,5S)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one —— C11H14O2
    (1S,5S)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one
    —— (5S,7S)-6,6-Dimethyl-3,10-dimethylene-1,8-dioxa-dispiro[4.1.4.3]tetradecane-2,9-dione 65461-28-1 C16H20O4
    (5S,7S)-6,6-Dimethyl-3,10-dimethylene-1,8-dioxa-dispiro[4.1.4.3]tetradecane-2,9-dione
    —— (1R,5S)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one —— C11H14O2
    (1R,5S)-1,5,6,7-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-one
    —— (4R)-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O2
    (4R)-5,5-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    (2S)-2-[(2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
    —— (1S,4R)-N-[(E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H21BrN2O3
    (1S,4R)-N-[(E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1'S,2'S,3'S,11'S,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione —— C21H26O5
    (1'S,2'S,3'S,11'S,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione
    —— [1-(4-Butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea —— C11H19N3O3
    [1-(4-Butyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]urea
    —— 3-(4-Bromo-benzyl)-6-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C21H20Br2O3
    3-(4-Bromo-benzyl)-6-(4-bromo-phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C7H12O3
    (5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (+)-(S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one —— C7H12O3
    (+)-(S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4-dimethyldihydrofuran-2-(3H)-one
    —— (1'R,2'R,5'S,8'R)-10'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid —— C13H16O6
    (1'R,2'R,5'S,8'R)-10'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid
    —— (1'R,2'R,5'R,8'R)-10'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid —— C13H16O6
    (1'R,2'R,5'R,8'R)-10'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,4'-9-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane]-2'-carboxylic acid
    —— L-Idaro-1,4-lactone —— C6H8O7
    L-Idaro-1,4-lactone
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one