内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-5-octadecyloxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)furanone | 108225-28-1 | C24H46O4 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-4-Methyl-2,4-dihydroxypentansaeure 1-> 4 Lacton | 72496-35-6 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | (1S,2R,6S,9R)-(-)-7-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.0<sup>2,9</sup>]nonan-8-one | 172722-65-5 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | cycloheptyl-5 pentanolide-4 | 96009-80-2 | C12H20O2 |
|
| —— | 5'-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-[2,2']bifuranyl-5-one | 116118-71-9 | C9H10O3 |
|
| —— | 3-Ethyl-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one | 116214-72-3 | C10H14O3 |
|
| —— | (1R,5S)-1-[1-tri(isopropyl)silanyloxy-vinyl]-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 860480-92-8 | C16H28O3Si |
|
| —— | 6-(2-Chloro-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 111711-03-6 | C7H11ClO2 |
|
| —— | [(S)-2-Cyclohexyl-1-((2R,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 124032-44-6 | C20H35NO4 |
|
| —— | 4-Cyclohexylidene-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 116239-70-4 | C13H16O2 |
|
| —— | 5,5-Dimethyl-4-methylideneoxolan-2-one | 132994-88-8 | C7H10O2 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 20568-06-3 | C11H12O2 |
|
| —— | 3-Methyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 115399-35-4 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | (R)-5-formyl δ-valerolactone | 160154-84-7 | C6H8O3 |
|
| —— | 5(R)-5-<1(S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-methylbutyl>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 105018-83-5 | C14H25NO4 |
|
| —— | exo-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-7-one | —— | C7H8O3 |
|
| —— | 3Beta-Hydroxy Pravastatin Lactone (>90%) | 87984-67-6 | C23H34O6 |
|
| —— | (6R)-6-<(1S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl>-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione | 119960-14-4 | C12H19NO5 |
|
| —— | 4-allyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 214335-81-6 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (S)-3-methylene-5-phenethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-one | 1159115-00-0 | C13H14O2 |
|
| —— | (R)-5-[2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3-methylene-tetrahydro-furan-2-one | 1159115-01-1 | C23H28O3Si |
|
| —— | α-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 89908-80-5 | C12H18O2 |
|
| —— | (3AR,6AS)-3,3,5,5-Tetramethylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[C]furan-1-one | 79618-64-7 | C11H18O2 |
|
| —— | 1,3-dimethyl-8-oxabicyclo-<5.3.0>-dec-3-en-2,9-dione | 121878-54-4 | C11H14O3 |
|
| —— | α-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-δ-valerolactone | 122593-65-1 | C9H17O5P |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-pentafluorophenyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 765941-82-0 | C12H9F5O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-pentafluorophenyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 765941-80-8 | C11H7F5O4 |
|
| —— | (3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-pentafluorophenyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 765941-81-9 | C12H9F5O4 |
|
| —— | (1S,5S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexane | 143169-41-9 | C10H14O4 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dihydro-3-methylene-5-octyl-2(3H)-furanone | 65652-00-8 | C13H22O2 |
|
| —— | tricyclo<2<sup>3,6</sup>.1.1.0>pyran-2-one | 19192-82-6 | C5H4O2 |
|
| —— | α-methylene-γ-nonalactone | 83650-09-3 | C10H16O2 |
|
| —— | (4-methylen-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1254693-06-5 | C8H10O4 |
|
| —— | 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-methylenebutanolide | 118171-01-0 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (5S,4'S,5'R)-5-<3'-<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>-4'-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidin-5'-yl>-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(4H)-one | 122226-02-2 | C22H35NO5 |
|
| —— | (+)-(3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-decanolide | 111688-88-1 | C10H18O3 |
|
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-propenyl]dihydro-2(3H)furanone | 608531-99-3 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (methyl-3 butyl)-2 γ-valerolactone | 40923-62-4 | C10H18O2 |
|
| —— | (1S,4R)-(-)-ethylcamphamide | 85805-97-6 | C12H19NO3 |
|
| —— | 6-hydroxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | —— | C9H14O3 |
|
| —— | Lacton der cis-2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-cyclopentyl)-propionsaeure | 1196-16-3 | C9H14O2 |
|
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-ethyloxetan-2-one | 1057557-67-1 | C6H10O2 |
|
| —— | 4a-Ethyl-7-hydroxyhexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyran-2(3H)-one | 103252-48-8 | C10H16O3 |
|
| —— | α-Methoxy-γ-valerolacton | 89489-71-4 | C6H10O3 |
|
| —— | 5-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,3,7,8-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonaric acid di-γ-lactone | 128685-02-9 | C15H26O5Si |
|
| —— | 3-(2-Methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one | 112936-65-9 | C9H16O2 |
|
| —— | (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-7a-[(S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-3a-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | 1432904-77-2 | C14H20O3 |
|
| —— | (3aRS,4SR,7RS,7aSR)-3a-methyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one | —— | C10H12O2 |
|
| —— | 3-oxabicyclo<3.1.1>heptan-2-one-1-carboxylic acid | 17160-65-5 | C7H8O4 |
|
| —— | 3-pentadecylglutaric anhydride | 1314643-24-7 | C20H36O3 |
|
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