内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-azido-1,2,4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,5-carbolactone | 786702-75-8 | C7H9N3O5 |
| —— | <3aR-<3aα,4α,5β(R<sup>*</sup>),6aα>>-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-<(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy>-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 101469-54-9 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | 1266341-46-1 | C9H15O8S2*Na | |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-5-tridecyl-2-oxolanone | 851982-11-1 | C19H36O3 |
| —— | 5-(3-oxobutyl)-5-(1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 185388-17-4 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | (6-isopropyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 100053-62-1 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 3,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-tridecyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 94376-56-4 | C18H34O4 |
| —— | (R)-pantolactone 2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutanoate | 406500-76-3 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | Desalanylactionobolin hydrochloride | 105866-05-5 | C10H15NO5*ClH |
| —— | 5-oxo-2-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 20597-54-0 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,8aR)-6-Phenylselanyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 91604-65-8 | C15H16O2Se |
| —— | decahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-4-oxonaphthalene-1,4a-carbolactone | 10074-52-9 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | 5β-Hydroxy-4α-ethoxy-2β-carbethoxy-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-(1)-γ-lacton | 92904-89-7 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | (R)-2-((E)-3-iodo-2-methylallyl)-3-phenylselanyldihydrofuran-2-one | 404356-68-9 | C14H15IO2Se |
| —— | ((S)-3-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetaldehyde | 226249-48-5 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (+-)-4exo-hydroxy-5,8anti-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2endo-carboxylic acid | 99173-74-7 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | 6β,9-dihydroxy-12-methoxyimino-14,15,16-trinor-8β<i>H</i>-labdane-13,19-dioic acid-13=>9;19=>6-dilactone | 109093-96-1 | C18H25NO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-4-isopropyl-4-methylvalerolactone | 80846-00-0 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | trans-dihydro-4-methyl-5-(butoxycarbonyl)-2(3H)-furanone | 93862-94-3 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 98669-14-8 | C32H58O3Si2 | |
| —— | 1579224-94-4 | C22H42O3 | |
| —— | 4-allyl-8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-trimethylsilanyl-hexahydro-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-8-sila-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-2-one | 635320-45-5 | C22H40O5Si2 |
| —— | 8-Butyl-oxacycloundecane-2,7-dione | 1446185-01-8 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,5R,6R)-9,9-dimethyl-8-oxatetracyclo[4.3.3.12,5.01,6]tridec-3-ene-7,10-dione | 121238-64-0 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 3,5,5-Trimethyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57735-37-2 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 615249-25-7 | C28H44O5Si | |
| —— | (1S,2R,4R,4'S,5'R)-4'-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5'-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-1-hydroxy-7-methyl-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-5-oxaspiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3'-furan]-7-ene-2',6-dione | 1449574-95-1 | C24H42O7Si2 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-16-oxo-16,17-seco-23,24-dinor-14ξ-chol-5-en-18-oic acid-lactone | 124291-21-0 | C24H34O5 |
| —— | 6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391001-57-2 | C7H9F3O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-3-isopropenyl-3,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 155224-33-2 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 1402922-00-2 | C11H18O2 | |
| —— | 220325-91-7 | C26H38O8 | |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6R,6aR)-3-ethoxy-6-methyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1233250-72-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | pentalenolactone F methyl ester | 89163-62-2 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | (8'a<i>S</i>)-2'<i>t</i>,5'ξ,8'a-trimethyl-(1<i>tO</i>,4'aξ,8'a<i>r</i>)-decahydro-spiro[furan-2,1'-naphthalen]-5-one | 101447-84-1 | C16H26O2 |
| —— | (-)-(1R,5S)-6-bromo-7-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one | 131802-20-5 | C9H13BrO3 |
| —— | (3aR,4Z,8aS)-3Z-allylidene-3,3a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclo-hepta[b]-furan-2-one | 1338002-92-8 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 10-cyclopropyl-9-propionyl-(E)-6-decenolide | 114633-75-9 | C16H24O3 |
| —— | 4-heptyl-3-isopropyloxetan-2-one | 131436-13-0 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 2-(2-hydroxy-3-oxo-butyl)-decanoic acid-lactone | 101099-22-3 | C14H24O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Ethyl-3-methylene-5-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 106118-64-3 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (20S)-3-Hydroxyimino-20-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-18-saeure-lacton | 1241-47-0 | C21H31NO3 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-3-benzyl-5-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1012314-16-7 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-3-azido-5-hexyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1383977-27-2 | C10H17N3O2 |
| —— | 7a-Chlor-7-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-hydrindan-5-carbonsaeure-γ-lacton | 92960-35-5 | C12H15ClO4 |
| —— | (3'R)-3α,5α-Dihydroxy-2β-(3'-hydroxy-trans-1'-octenyl)cyclopentane-1α-acetic acid γ-lactone 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether | 64091-16-3 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,3aR,5aR,6S,8aR,8bR)-3a,8a,8b-trimethyl-6-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hexadecahydro-dicyclopenta[a,f]naphthalen-1-yl ester | 103305-86-8 | C26H40O4 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-phenyl-4-methyl-butyrolacton | 97024-01-6 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-ethyldihydro-5-methyl-, trans- | 64566-21-8 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | α-methylene-δ-methyl-δ-ethoxycarbonyl-δ-valerolactone | 174970-05-9 | C10H14O4 |
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