内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-Ethyl-6-phenethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 144867-82-3 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7aR)-2-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-hexahydro-furo[3,2-c]pyran-4-one | 125119-55-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | trans-octahydro-2H-cyclohepta<b>furan-2-one | 3724-99-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (6R)-trans-4-p-tolyl-6-trimethylsilyl-2-oxepanone | 116428-35-4 | C16H24O2Si |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6R,7aS)-tetrahydro-4,6-dimethylisobenzofuran-1,5-(3H,6H)-dione | 1246961-88-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-benzyl-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1436857-06-5 | C19H22O2Si |
| —— | 3,11-Dimethylene-1,9-dioxa-dispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane-2,10-dione | 65461-23-6 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 191152-31-5 | C24H32O4Si |
| —— | (1R,6R,10R,11R)-10-hydroxy-6-methyl-8,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.1.01,5.06,10]pentadec-4-ene-9,13-dione | 1318788-98-5 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | methyl (Z)-3-ethyl-4-(propylidene-1-d)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1324011-47-3 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 1284258-10-1 | C15H25NO4 | |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-Methyl-6-(3-phenyl-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 144867-83-4 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | (4R<sup>*</sup>,5S<sup>*</sup>)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 135973-92-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6S)-6-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2,3-dione | 137956-35-5 | C13H22O4Si |
| —— | 5-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-3-isopropylidene-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 114326-71-5 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R,8R)-6-Bromo-8-fluoro-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 129830-16-6 | C7H8BrFO2 |
| —— | 912805-70-0 | C15H30O3Si | |
| —— | 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-<i>c</i>]furan-1,4-dione | 91210-74-1 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 5-Isobutyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128813-12-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxyimino-5-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-2-on | 87058-51-3 | C11H11NO4 |
| —— | 2,11,20,29-tetrakis(phenylmethyl)-4,13,22,31,37,38,39,40-octaoxapentacyclo[32.2.1.1(7,10).1(16,19).1(25,28)]tetraconta-1(36),7,9,16,18,25,27,34-octaene-3,12,21,30-tetrone | 1185763-11-4 | C60H56O12 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-5-heptyl-3-cyclohexyl-tetrahydrofuran | 40599-23-3 | C17H30O2 |
| —— | opt.-inakt. β-Acetoxy-β-methyl-α-phenyl-δ-valerolacton | 93006-09-8 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 3-<2-Hydroxy-ethyl>-4,8-dimethyl-nonansaeure-lacton | 92155-33-4 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | (5R,7S,7aR)-5,7-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7a-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one | 1250265-32-7 | C24H48O4Si3 |
| —— | 15-hydroxy-3,4-epoxyheliangolide | 116186-45-9 | C20H24O6 |
| —— | 17-phenyl-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,15-dione | 1220995-65-2 | C22H28O3 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-3-[2,2,2-trichloro-eth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 69152-33-6 | C7H7Cl3O2 |
| —— | (1R,3S,7R,8S,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S)-9-(methoxymethoxy)-8,13,14-trimethylspiro[2,6,11-trioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-12,2'-oxolane]-5-one | 1320210-52-3 | C19H30O7 |
| —— | 82679-38-7 | C20H36O3Si | |
| —— | syn-(+)-(5S,6R)-5-isopropyl-6-vinyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 1318230-72-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,3R,8R,10R)-9-((E)-3-Oxo-oct-1-enyl)-2,7-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.1<sup>3,10</sup>]dodecan-6-one | 64767-46-0 | C18H26O4 |
| —— | 64728-31-0 | C14H13NO4S | |
| —— | 3-(2-fluorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391860-18-6 | C11H11FO2 |
| —— | α,β-Dimethyl-hydrochelidonsaeure-dilacton | 98954-67-7 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | β-Methyl-γ-benzyl-butanolid | 91496-11-6 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4aS,7S,8aS,10aR)-7-Bromo-4a,8,8-trimethyl-10a-phenylsulfanyl-decahydro-2,4-dioxa-benzo[f]azulen-1-one | 81844-71-5 | C21H27BrO3S |
| —— | (Z)-(1S,2S,9R,10R,12R)-9-Hydroxy-10-phenylsulfanyl-13-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.1.0<sup>2,12</sup>]pentadec-5-ene-3,7-diyn-14-one | 122908-85-4 | C20H16O3S |
| —— | 118584-41-1 | C20H24O5 | |
| —— | 1169860-02-9 | C16H22O2 | |
| —— | 1142923-68-9 | C16H17IO3 | |
| —— | (4aR,5S,6S,7R,7aR)-octahydro-5-iodo-7-methyl-3-oxocyclopenta[c]pyran-6-yl acetate | 1206128-34-8 | C11H15IO4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,6S)-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester | 136713-43-4 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (4S,7Ξ)-4-((Ξ)-α,β-dihydroxy-isopropyl)-7-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 99978-82-2 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-3-acetyl-3,4-dimethyloxan-2-one | 107677-44-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 1620136-06-2 | C8H9F2NO2 | |
| —— | (3S,4aR,8aS)-3-methoxymethoxy-hexahydro-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one | 245676-81-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 86534-70-5 | C13H16O4 | |
| —— | (2S,3R,4S)-4-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-2-<(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl>-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid γ-lactone | 141585-64-0 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-2-acetoxy-1-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl ester | 136345-74-9 | C10H14O6 |
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