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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-4-carbaldehyde 71154-60-4 C8H10O3
    2-Oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[B]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3-benzamido-4-hydroxy-5-hexanolide 75712-52-6 C13H15NO4
    (3S,4R,5S)-3-benzamido-4-hydroxy-5-hexanolide
    —— O-(methylthio)methylsenecic acid anhydride 157240-91-0 C12H18O4S
    O-(methylthio)methylsenecic acid anhydride
    —— dihydro-4-<(1,3-dithian-2-methyl-2-yl)methyl>-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione 141210-20-0 C11H16O3S2
    dihydro-4-<(1,3-dithian-2-methyl-2-yl)methyl>-2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione
    —— 3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione 54885-06-2 C6H6O4
    3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione
    —— (S)-5-benzyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 61477-77-8 C12H14O2
    (S)-5-benzyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3Z)-3-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one 5400-68-0 C4H5NO3
    (3Z)-3-hydroxyiminooxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-2-phenylglutaric anhydride 118139-24-5 C11H10O3
    (R)-2-phenylglutaric anhydride
    —— (3aR,5S,5aR,8S,9aR)-5,8-dimethyl-9-triethylsilyloxy-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-c]furan-3-one 478314-36-2 C19H34O3Si
    (3aR,5S,5aR,8S,9aR)-5,8-dimethyl-9-triethylsilyloxy-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-c]furan-3-one
    —— (3aS,5R,5aR,8S,9aS)-5,8-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3a,5,5a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-c]furan-3,4-dione 478314-34-0 C14H18O3
    (3aS,5R,5aR,8S,9aS)-5,8-dimethyl-9-methylidene-3a,5,5a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-indeno[1,7a-c]furan-3,4-dione
    —— 2-(4-Butyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-isothiourea 1052530-05-8 C10H19BrN2O2S
    2-(4-Butyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-isothiourea
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-hydroxyprop-1-yl-2-methyl)-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone 98973-88-7 C10H16O2
    2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-hydroxyprop-1-yl-2-methyl)-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid lactone
    —— 19-TBDPS-14-Ac-andrographolide 1355018-57-3 C38H50O6Si
    19-TBDPS-14-Ac-andrographolide
    —— 19-TBDPS-3-Ac-andrographolide 1355018-56-2 C38H50O6Si
    19-TBDPS-3-Ac-andrographolide
    —— 2,3-O-methylidene-D-erythrono-1,4-lactone 1106929-66-1 C5H6O4
    2,3-O-methylidene-D-erythrono-1,4-lactone
    —— (2R,3R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxybutanoic acid 1,4-lactone 151867-37-7 C5H8O4
    (2R,3R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxybutanoic acid 1,4-lactone
    —— D-threono-1,4-lactone 23732-41-4 C4H6O4
    D-threono-1,4-lactone
    —— Dihydro-3R-methanesulfonyloxy-4R-hydroxy-2(3H)furanone 138893-06-8 C5H8O6S
    Dihydro-3R-methanesulfonyloxy-4R-hydroxy-2(3H)furanone
    —— 2,3-O-(R)-benzylidene-D-erythronolactone 169738-13-0 C11H10O4
    2,3-O-(R)-benzylidene-D-erythronolactone
    —— 19-TBS-3-Ac-andrographolide 1355018-50-6 C28H46O6Si
    19-TBS-3-Ac-andrographolide
    —— (4R,6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 246035-59-6 C13H16O5
    (4R,6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4aS,7aS)-4a-methylhexahydro-2H-spiro[cyclopenta[b]pyran-5,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-2-one 109064-41-7 C11H16O4
    (4aS,7aS)-4a-methylhexahydro-2H-spiro[cyclopenta[b]pyran-5,2'-[1,3]dioxolan]-2-one
    —— 3-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-propionic acid 86422-64-2 C8H12O4
    3-(2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-propionic acid
    —— ent-3-oxa-14,15-dinor-1β-alloaromadendrane-4,10-dione 73407-94-0 C12H16O3
    ent-3-oxa-14,15-dinor-1β-alloaromadendrane-4,10-dione
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1200132-99-5 C19H28O4Si
    (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-1-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 6t-Benzyl-3-methylen-(5rC<sup>4</sup>)-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>decan-2-on 909774-94-3 C17H20O2
    6t-Benzyl-3-methylen-(5rC<sup>4</sup>)-1-oxa-spiro<4.5>decan-2-on
    —— 7-benzyloxepan-2-one 112329-34-7 C13H16O2
    7-benzyloxepan-2-one
    —— (S)-6-n-propyltetrahydropyran-2-one 108943-46-0 C8H14O2
    (S)-6-n-propyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 15121-76-3 C11H12O3
    4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— trichodesmic acid 514-23-8 C10H16O5
    trichodesmic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid 28822-16-4 C10H14O4
    (2R,3R)-5-ethylidene-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-hexyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 154714-35-9 C12H20O4
    5-hexyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9S,9aS,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione 196871-07-5 C15H22O5
    (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9S,9aS,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9R,9aS,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione 292850-09-0 C15H22O5
    (3S,3aS,5aR,6R,9R,9aS,9bS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,9aR,9bS)-3-Methyl-9-methylene-5a-(S)-oxiranyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione 454245-89-7 C15H18O5
    (3S,3aS,5aR,9aR,9bS)-3-Methyl-9-methylene-5a-(S)-oxiranyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione
    —— (3S,3aS,5aR,9aS,9bS)-3-methyl-9-methylene-5a-vinyldecahydrofuro<2,3-f><2>benzopyran-2,8-dione 117137-95-8 C15H18O4
    (3S,3aS,5aR,9aS,9bS)-3-methyl-9-methylene-5a-vinyldecahydrofuro<2,3-f><2>benzopyran-2,8-dione
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]cyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1598377-49-1 C15H16O5
    (1R,4R,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]cyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (4S,5R)-5-tridecyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one 897657-65-7 C21H40O2S3
    (4S,5R)-5-tridecyl-4-[tris(methylsulfanyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— d-Protolichesterinic acid 493-46-9 C19H32O4
    d-Protolichesterinic acid
    —— (1S,5S,6S,7R)-6,7-isopropylidenedioxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one 120521-61-1 C10H14O4
    (1S,5S,6S,7R)-6,7-isopropylidenedioxy-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-2-one
    —— (+)-Dihydroprotolichesterinsaeuremethylester 19464-88-1 C20H36O4
    (+)-Dihydroprotolichesterinsaeuremethylester
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-methyl 4-methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 19464-83-6 C20H36O4
    (2R,3S,4S)-methyl 4-methyl-5-oxo-2-tridecyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one 86031-05-2 C13H22O3
    (4R,6R)-6-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,6S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 144686-84-0 C9H14O2
    (1R,4S,6S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-4-(2-oxopropyl)butyrolactone 89722-19-0 C9H14O3
    3,3-dimethyl-4-(2-oxopropyl)butyrolactone
    —— 1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)-2-oxacyclohexanone 115204-99-4 C12H18O4
    1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)-2-oxacyclohexanone
    —— (R)-3-[2-(2-Methyl-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)-ethyl]-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 199286-34-5 C16H22O2
    (R)-3-[2-(2-Methyl-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)-ethyl]-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— R-(-)-6-(Z)-dodecen-4-olide 63357-99-3 C12H20O2
    R-(-)-6-(Z)-dodecen-4-olide
    —— 6-<(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one 219779-40-5 C9H14O4
    6-<(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl>tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-(1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)-2-oxacyclohexanone 115204-97-2 C9H12O4
    3-(1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)-2-oxacyclohexanone