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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— methyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    methyl (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— methyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate —— C11H16O4
    methyl (4S)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-4-butyl-4-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (4S)-4-butyl-4-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid —— C9H12O4
    (4R)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4R)-4-phenyl-3-[(3S)-3-phenylbutanoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C20H20O3
    (3R,4R)-4-phenyl-3-[(3S)-3-phenylbutanoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C11H15O4-
    (1R,2R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H5F3O2
    (3R)-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C5H6O3
    (3R)-3-methyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,5S,6S)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate —— C6H4BrO4-
    (1R,5S,6S)-1-bromo-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate
    —— (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C5H5O4-
    (2R)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H10O4
    (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R)-4-(aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2
    (4R)-4-(aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H9NO2
    (4S)-4-(aminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C14H21NO3S
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-(thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (2S,6S)-1-chloro-7-phenyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,7]nonan-9-one —— C14H13ClO2
    (2S,6S)-1-chloro-7-phenyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.0.02,7]nonan-9-one
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(n-eicos-11′-yn-19′-enyl)butanolide —— C25H42O3
    (2S,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-(n-eicos-11′-yn-19′-enyl)butanolide
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5R,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O7
    methyl 2-[(1S,3S,5R,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S)-13-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-15-oxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1R,3S,7S,8R,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (1S,5S)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C11H14O2
    (1S,5S)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— (1S,5R)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C11H14O2
    (1S,5R)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— (1R,5R)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C11H14O2
    (1R,5R)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— (1R,5S)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one —— C11H14O2
    (1R,5S)-2-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-3-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-7-one
    —— (6S)-6-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]oxan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    (6S)-6-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C17H29N2O4+
    (1R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-N-(3-morpholin-4-ium-4-ylpropyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4R,7R,10R)-5,12-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.2.04,13.010,14]tetradeca-2,8-diene-6,11-dione —— C12H10O4
    (1R,4R,7R,10R)-5,12-dioxatetracyclo[5.5.2.04,13.010,14]tetradeca-2,8-diene-6,11-dione
    —— Tocris-1965 —— C25H38O5
    Tocris-1965
    —— [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C13H23N3O3S
    [(Z)-1-[(3R,5S)-5-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— [(2S)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1R,2S,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C15H20O4
    [(2S)-pent-4-yn-2-yl] (1R,2S,3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1R,4R)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide —— C12H20N2O3
    (1R,4R)-N',N',4,7,7-pentamethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbohydrazide
    —— [(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C9H16N2O2S
    [(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— (S)-5-dodecyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C16H30O2
    (S)-5-dodecyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C14H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-benzylidene-2-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)sulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    (2S,3R)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O5
    (2R,3S)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O5
    (2R,3R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    (2S,3S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O4S
    (2S,3S)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O4S
    (2R,3R)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    (2R,3S)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O4S
    (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O5
    (2S,3S)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O5
    (2S,3R)-2-(furan-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C10H10O5
    (2R,3R)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C9H8O4S
    (2S,3R)-5-oxo-2-thiophen-2-yloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C15H25NO3
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 3,5-Dideoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C8H16O3Si
    3,5-Dideoxy-threo-pentonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 2-C-Methylerythronic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C11H24O4Si2
    2-C-Methylerythronic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 2-Deoxy-lyxo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C15H34O5Si3
    2-Deoxy-lyxo-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS