内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | dibromo-6,6 hexanolide-4 | 98325-70-3 | C6H8Br2O2 |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-3-exo-(trans-3'-oxo-oct-1'-enyl)norborn-2-endo-ylacetic acid δ-lactone | 77670-61-2 | C17H24O3 |
| —— | 1227296-47-0 | C12H17IO4 | |
| —— | 4-epi-15-norcrassin | 123484-43-5 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | dl-12-epiaplysistatin | 71883-83-5 | C15H21BrO3 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1438383-67-5 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(C-methyl-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)oxolan-2-one | 64745-26-2 | C12H13NO2 |
| —— | {(S)-1-[(2S,4S)-4-((E)-But-2-enyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-pentyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 129778-94-5 | C18H31NO4 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6,7-epoxy-5-hydroxypentanoic-1,5-lactone | 115798-08-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 5,6-dimethyl-7-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one | 1186534-62-2 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-1-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 138639-99-3 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | ((1S,4S,5S,6R)-6-Methyl-10-oxo-11-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.01,5]undec-8-en-4-yl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester | 85612-02-8 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | [Ag(camphanic acid(-1))](n) | 811440-17-2 | Ag*C10H13O4 |
| —— | (2S,4S,5S)-2-(2-propyl)-4-hydroxy-5-<(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino>-7-methyloctanoic acid δ-lactone | 115860-02-1 | C17H31NO4 |
| —— | DL-6-Aethyl-pilosinin | 92547-57-4 | C11H16N2O2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(iodomethyl)oxolan-2-one | 92611-01-3 | C11H21IO3Si |
| —— | 3beta,7beta-Dihydroxykaurenolide | 34202-87-4 | C19H28O4 |
| —— | 6β-chloro-7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-oxa-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone | 185314-11-8 | C21H27ClO5 |
| —— | 1c,2c,3r-Trimethyl-cyclopropan-1t,2t-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid | 90953-87-0 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (-)-(2aS,4aS,9aS)-4a-methylhexahydro-2H-oxeto[2',3':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-b]oxepine-2,6(7H)-dione | 1262290-61-8 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | opt.-inakt. 4-Carboxymethyl-2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-buttersaeure-lacton | 3679-27-4 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-((S)-1-iodo-ethyl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86336-01-8 | C13H25IO3Si |
| —— | 1,11-Bis-(6-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-4,8-dithia-undecane | 412934-73-7 | C19H32O4S2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroperoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl-1,6-dioxa-4-aza-spiro[4.4]non-3-en-7-one | 345218-77-1 | C13H13NO5 |
| —— | 5-[6-(7-Oxooxepan-4-yl)oxyhexa-2,4-diynoxy]oxepan-2-one | 1467100-93-1 | C18H22O6 |
| —— | 4-Methylthiopentanolid-4 | 42435-75-6 | C6H10O2S |
| —— | (3S,4R)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-3-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1256752-96-1 | C18H26O3Si |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(E)-(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 137625-91-3 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | 3-<(1α,5β,8α)-3-Oxo-2-oxatricyclo<6.2.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>>dec-9-en-9-yl>propanol | 100342-86-7 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-(Bromo-phenyl-methyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 213968-30-0 | C15H19BrO5 |
| —— | 1384477-80-8 | C14H18O3 | |
| —— | c-3-hydroxy-1-t-3,t-5-trimethylcyclohexane-r-1,3-carbolactone | 118670-94-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 2-deoxy-L-glucono-1,4-lactone | 79383-18-9 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | (3S,4R,4aR,4bS,6aS,7S,7aS,8aS,8bS,8cR,8dR,9aR)-3-chloro-4-hydroxy-4a,6a-dimethyl-3',4,4a,4b,4',5,6,6a,7a,8,8a,8b,8c,8d,9,9a-hexadecahydro-5'H-spiro[cyclopropa[4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-a]cyclopropa[l]phenanthrene-7,2'-furan]-2,5'(3H)-dione | 95218-13-6 | C24H29ClO4 |
| —— | (R)-6-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methyl-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 14512-51-7 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 7a-(2-Methyl-2-propenyl)-octahydro-5H,7H-cyclopenta<c>pyrano<2,3-d>pyran-5-one | 111795-02-9 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-(trichlormethyl)propan-3-olid | 81397-88-8 | C5H5Cl3O2 |
| —— | trans-2-Hydroxy-cycloheptan-essigsaeure-lacton | 156406-74-5 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3,4-bis((S)-1-((S)-4-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropylamino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione | 1620902-52-4 | C26H42N4O4 |
| —— | 24399-11-9 | C11H16O2 | |
| —— | 4-oxa-5-(N-ethylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6 ]dec-8-en-3-one | 56232-21-4 | C12H15NO4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide | 1071448-32-2 | C10H17NO4 |
| —— | 3-(1-Hydroxy-tetradecyl)-5-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 75938-44-2 | C20H38O3S |
| —— | 1217293-45-2 | C16H22O2 | |
| —— | 87637-81-8 | C15H16O5 | |
| —— | 6-methyl-6-phenyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1347053-29-5 | C12H12O2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-4,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 855389-43-4 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-6,7-O,O'-suberoylsynthanecine A | 119741-05-8 | C15H23NO4 |
| —— | (5R)-5-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-5-tetradecanolide | 130322-95-1 | C21H42O3Si |
| —— | 4,5-dihydroxy-2-isobutyl-valeric acid-4-lactone | 51577-66-3 | C9H16O3 |
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