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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Hawaiinolide B —— C20H26O4
    Hawaiinolide B
    —— (3E)-3-[6-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]hexoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one 57899-36-2 C16H22O6
    (3E)-3-[6-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]hexoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[5-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]pentoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one 57899-35-1 C15H20O6
    (3E)-3-[5-[(E)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]pentoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one —— C8H12O3
    (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one
    —— (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxydodecylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C16H26O4
    (3Z)-3-(1-hydroxydodecylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (4aR,7S)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate —— C15H15O5-
    (4aR,7S)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O6
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 3alpha-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonacolin L lactone —— C19H30O4
    3alpha-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonacolin L lactone
    —— (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one;nitric acid —— C12H18N2O5
    (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one;nitric acid
    —— (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H17NO2
    (3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5,11-Dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione —— C10H10O4
    5,11-Dioxatetracyclo[5.5.0.02,10.04,8]dodecane-6,12-dione
    —— 3-Oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione —— C13H16O3
    3-Oxatricyclo[4.4.4.01,6]tetradec-8-ene-2,4-dione
    —— 13-Oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione —— C15H22O3
    13-Oxatricyclo[9.3.2.01,11]hexadecane-12,14-dione
    —— (2aR,3aR,8aS,10aR,10bR,10cS)-octadecahydro-7,10-dioxacyclopenta[cd]pentaleno[2,1,6-hij]acephenanthrylene-8,9-dione —— C20H24O4
    (2aR,3aR,8aS,10aR,10bR,10cS)-octadecahydro-7,10-dioxacyclopenta[cd]pentaleno[2,1,6-hij]acephenanthrylene-8,9-dione
    —— 7-Oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-6-one 28612-78-4 C11H10O2
    7-Oxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,12.05,9]dodeca-3,10-dien-6-one
    —— (3E)-3-tridecan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C17H30O2
    (3E)-3-tridecan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Nonan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one —— C13H22O2
    3-Nonan-5-ylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-N-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide —— C12H14N2O4
    3-(4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)-N-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide
    —— 4-Buta-1,3-dienyl-5-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C10H12O2
    4-Buta-1,3-dienyl-5-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (4Z,5S)-4-hydroxyimino-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]oxolane-2,3-dione —— C7H9NO5
    (4Z,5S)-4-hydroxyimino-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxypropyl]oxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (7S)-2-methyl-4-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (7S)-2-methyl-4-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decan-3-one
    —— 1,4-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dione —— C7H8O3
    1,4-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dione
    —— (8-Methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl) 2-oxopropanoate —— C14H18O5
    (8-Methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl) 2-oxopropanoate
    —— (8-Ethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl) 2-oxopropanoate —— C15H20O5
    (8-Ethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl) 2-oxopropanoate
    —— 3-(2-Methylbutyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C10H16O3
    3-(2-Methylbutyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (3α,5α,6β,17β)-17-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-androstan-18-oic acid ϒ-lactone —— C23H36O5
    (3α,5α,6β,17β)-17-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-androstan-18-oic acid ϒ-lactone
    —— (3α,5α,11β,17β)-17-hydroxymethyl-11-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-androstan-18-oic acid γ-lactone —— C23H36O5
    (3α,5α,11β,17β)-17-hydroxymethyl-11-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-androstan-18-oic acid γ-lactone
    —— (1R,5S,9R,13R,19R)-19-methoxy-13-methyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosan-8-one —— C21H32O3
    (1R,5S,9R,13R,19R)-19-methoxy-13-methyl-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosan-8-one
    —— 2-Bromo-8-methyl-4-oxa-8-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C9H12BrNO2
    2-Bromo-8-methyl-4-oxa-8-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— 2-Bromo-8-methyl-4-oxa-8-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-5,9-dione —— C9H10BrNO3
    2-Bromo-8-methyl-4-oxa-8-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane-5,9-dione
    —— (3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-4,6-diethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C11H18O2
    (3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-4,6-diethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[(3-acetyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C12H16O3
    (3Z)-3-[(3-acetyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate —— C8H10O4
    Methyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate
    —— (4-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C12H18O4
    (4-Methyl-5-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— α,α,β,γ-tetramethyl-β-methacryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone —— C12H18O4
    α,α,β,γ-tetramethyl-β-methacryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2,7-Dimethyl-1,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-4-one —— C9H15NO2
    2,7-Dimethyl-1,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyrrol-4-one
    —— (2-Ethyl-5-oxo-3-propyloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C13H20O4
    (2-Ethyl-5-oxo-3-propyloxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (3-Ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C11H16O4
    (3-Ethyl-2-methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 5-Oxatricyclo[5.2.1.03,8]dec-1(9)-en-4-one —— C9H10O2
    5-Oxatricyclo[5.2.1.03,8]dec-1(9)-en-4-one
    —— (2S,3R)-2-butoxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R)-3-butoxy-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-3-methylhex-5-ynal —— C20H32O5
    (2S,3R)-2-butoxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R)-3-butoxy-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-3-methylhex-5-ynal
    —— (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C13H20O5
    (3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[(2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[2-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]ethyl]carbamate —— C31H52N2O7Si
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] N-[2-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethoxy]ethyl]carbamate
    —— (4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C16H26O5
    (4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl)oxymethyl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 1-Fluoro-2-oxo-2-[(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonic acid —— C7H9FO7S
    1-Fluoro-2-oxo-2-[(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)methoxy]ethanesulfonic acid
    —— methyl (1S,2R,5R,10R,11R,21S)-8-cyano-7-hydroxy-1,2,6,6,10,18,18,21-octamethyl-13-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[13.8.0.02,11.05,10]tricos-7-ene-21-carboxylate —— C33H51NO5
    methyl (1S,2R,5R,10R,11R,21S)-8-cyano-7-hydroxy-1,2,6,6,10,18,18,21-octamethyl-13-oxo-14-oxatetracyclo[13.8.0.02,11.05,10]tricos-7-ene-21-carboxylate
    —— 4-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)oxycarbonylcyclohexane-1-sulfonic acid —— C11H16O7S
    4-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)oxycarbonylcyclohexane-1-sulfonic acid
    —— N-[5-[(E)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethenyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-propan-2-yl-4H-pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylmethanesulfonamide —— C28H42FN3O5SSi
    N-[5-[(E)-2-[(2S,4R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethenyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-propan-2-yl-4H-pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylmethanesulfonamide
    —— (7S,9aS)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid —— C15H16O5
    (7S,9aS)-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxospiro[4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-1,2'-oxirane]-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,6-Dimethyl-8-(3-oxobutyl)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C16H24O3
    1,6-Dimethyl-8-(3-oxobutyl)-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutoxy)acetate —— C12H20O6
    (2-Oxooxolan-3-yl) 2-(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylbutoxy)acetate