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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8-hydroxynonanoic acid lactone 82120-79-4 C9H16O2
    8-hydroxynonanoic acid lactone
    —— methyl 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 74002-71-4 C7H10O4
    methyl 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone 91712-77-5 C8H13IO2
    dihydro-5-(4-iodobutyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 81683-96-7 C6H10O3
    6-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (-)-de-AB-8-oxa-cholest-14-en-9-one 95586-91-7 C17H28O2
    (-)-de-AB-8-oxa-cholest-14-en-9-one
    —— (+)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 942493-62-1 C9H8O2S
    (+)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one 4361-36-8 C10H16O2
    2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one
    —— cis-(RS,SR)-γ-cyclohexyl-γ-hydroxy-β-methylbutanoic acid lactone 111748-83-5 C11H18O2
    cis-(RS,SR)-γ-cyclohexyl-γ-hydroxy-β-methylbutanoic acid lactone
    —— (3RS)-3-(isopropenyl)pentanolide 864182-74-1 C8H12O2
    (3RS)-3-(isopropenyl)pentanolide
    —— blastmycinolactol —— C9H16O3
    blastmycinolactol
    —— 3,5-dimethylcaprolactone 3067-88-7 C8H14O2
    3,5-dimethylcaprolactone
    —— (-)-(4R,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 98512-76-6 C5H8O3
    (-)-(4R,5S)-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene-2,6-dione 163728-79-8 C14H18O5
    (1R,4S,5S)-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (1S,4S,5S,7S,8R)-8-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-(phenylseleno)-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,6-dione 163728-80-1 C23H30O5Se
    (1S,4S,5S,7S,8R)-8-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-(phenylseleno)-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,6-dione
    —— β,β,δ-trimethyl-ε-caprolactone 2549-56-6 C9H16O2
    β,β,δ-trimethyl-ε-caprolactone
    —— (R)-4-ethynyl-oxetan-2-one 310905-47-6 C5H4O2
    (R)-4-ethynyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (-)-(1S,4S)-4-exo-methyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one 113349-69-2 C7H10O3
    (-)-(1S,4S)-4-exo-methyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one
    —— (S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-valerolactone 140944-13-4 C8H14O3
    (S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-valerolactone
    —— (3aR,7S,8aS)-7-methyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde 1622093-82-6 C12H14O3
    (3aR,7S,8aS)-7-methyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde
    —— 3,5,5-trimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 99799-05-0 C8H14O2
    3,5,5-trimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5-hexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 26798-41-4 C11H18O2
    5-hexyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 20215-55-8 C12H14O2
    3,3-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-Diisopropyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 127236-66-2 C10H18O2
    5,5-Diisopropyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-Phenyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dion 26735-88-6 C15H18O3
    6-Phenyl-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dion
    —— 3-isopropylglutaric anhydride 4160-81-0 C8H12O3
    3-isopropylglutaric anhydride
    —— <thien-3-yl>-2-glutaric anhydride 154227-48-2 C9H8O3S
    <thien-3-yl>-2-glutaric anhydride
    —— 4-tert-butyldihydropyran-2,6-dione 145610-08-8 C9H14O3
    4-tert-butyldihydropyran-2,6-dione
    —— 4,4-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one 136066-39-2 C6H8O2
    4,4-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— (5R,6R)-6-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-one 936016-93-2 C11H18O4
    (5R,6R)-6-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 6-tert-butyl-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one 133286-45-0 C10H16O3
    6-tert-butyl-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile 83231-48-5 C13H21NO3
    4-Hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-3-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 3-Butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile 83231-47-4 C12H19NO3
    3-Butyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile 83231-46-3 C10H15NO3
    3-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 188758-61-4 C8H14O3
    5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran 41720-51-8 C7H12O2
    (S)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran
    —— (5S)-3-bromo-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one 265307-98-0 C7H11BrO2
    (5S)-3-bromo-5-ethyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one 265307-96-8 C7H12O3
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— tetrahydro-3,3,3,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-2-one 29619-53-2 C9H16O2
    tetrahydro-3,3,3,6-tetramethyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-(but-3-yn-2-ylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 959864-94-9 C8H8O2
    (Z)-3-(but-3-yn-2-ylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-{(1S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-(1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1-silapropoxy)ethyl]-3-oxo-4-oxanyl}ethanal 207303-11-5 C16H30O4Si
    2-{(1S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-methyl-2-(1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1-silapropoxy)ethyl]-3-oxo-4-oxanyl}ethanal
    —— 3-methyl-4-(bromomethyl)oxetan-2-one 125763-07-7 C5H7BrO2
    3-methyl-4-(bromomethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-4-nonadecanolide 909270-41-3 C35H54O3Si
    (4R,5R)-5-t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-4-nonadecanolide
    —— (S)-4-butylbutanolide 107797-25-1 C8H14O2
    (S)-4-butylbutanolide
    —— tert-butyl (S)-1-((2S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylbutylcarbamate 125015-97-6 C17H31NO5
    tert-butyl (S)-1-((2S,4S)-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylbutylcarbamate
    —— 1-(Cyanovinyl) (1'S)-camphanate 88701-62-6 C13H15NO4
    1-(Cyanovinyl) (1'S)-camphanate
    —— α-acetyl-δ-valerolactone 63872-58-2 C7H10O3
    α-acetyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— r-4-cyclohexyl-t-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    r-4-cyclohexyl-t-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-methyleneoxetan-2-one 145475-66-7 C11H16O2
    4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-methyleneoxetan-2-one
    —— 4-ethylidene-3-methyl-2-oxetanone 5659-14-3 C6H8O2
    4-ethylidene-3-methyl-2-oxetanone
    —— Thioacetic acid S-((2R,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)ester 202344-89-6 C14H24O3S
    Thioacetic acid S-((2R,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)ester